Earl

This article is about the title of nobility. For the given name, see Earl (given name). For the surname, see Earl (surname). For other uses, see Earl (disambiguation).

Coronet of a duke
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Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/)[1] is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount.[2] A feminine form of earl never developed;[note 1] instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank".[3] The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.

  1. ^ "Earl". Collins Dictionary. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  2. ^ Stevenson 2007.
  3. ^ "Earl". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 24 March 2020.


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