There are scattered descriptions of early Finnish wars, conflicts involving the Finnish people, some of which took place before the Middle Ages. The earliest historical accounts of conflicts involving Finnish tribes, such as Tavastians, Karelians, Finns proper and Kvens, have survived in Icelandic sagas and in German, Norwegian, Danish and Russian chronicles as well as in Swedish legends and in birch bark manuscripts. The most important sources are the Novgorod First Chronicle, the Primary Chronicle and Erik's Chronicle.
Fortifications are known from Finland already from the Stone Age onwards. In Yli-Ii by the Iijoki river is located the Kierikki Stone Age fortress, which was built on piles and fortified with palisade.[1] Also the approximately 40 Giant's Churches from the Neolithic period (3500–2000 BCE) found from the northwest coast of Finland may have served as fortifications.[2] Bronze Age hillforts have also been found from Finland, such as Hautvuori in Laitila and Vanhalinna in Lieto. According to archeological finds belligerence and military hierarchy were emphasized in Finland in the Merovingian period.[3] Hillforts get more common from Iron Age forward.[4] According to the earliest historical documents in the Middle Ages Finnic tribes around the Baltic Sea were often in conflict with each other as well as against other entities in the area.
The oldest historical traces of conflicts in Finland are runestones GS 13 and U 582 which are dated to the early 11th century. Runestones are commemorating Vikings killed in Finland. Runestone G 319, which is dated to the early 13th century, also mentions Viking killed in Finland.
- ^ Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman (2015). Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Gaudeamus. p. 79.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman (2015). Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Gaudeamus. p. 116.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, Anna Wessman (2015). Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Gaudeamus. p. 275.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Taavitsainen, J-P (1990). Ancient Hill-forts of Finland. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakauskirja 94.