Province of East Pakistan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955–1971 | |||||||||
| Anthem: Torana-i-Pakistan | |||||||||
.svg) Location of East Pakistan (green) and the rest of Pakistan (light green) | |||||||||
| Status | Administrative unit of Pakistan | ||||||||
| Capital | Dacca | ||||||||
| Official languages |
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| Native languages | |||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Pakistani, East Pakistani, Bengali | ||||||||
| Government | Self-governing wing subject to the federal government | ||||||||
| Chief Ministers | |||||||||
• 1955–1956, Twice in 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | ||||||||
• 1956–1958, Twice again in 1958 | Ataur Rahman Khan | ||||||||
| Governors | |||||||||
• 1955–1956 | Amiruddin Ahmad | ||||||||
• 1956–1958 | A. K. Fazlul Huq | ||||||||
• 1958–1960 | Zakir Husain | ||||||||
• 1962 | Ghulam Faruque Khan | ||||||||
• 1971 | Abdul Motaleb Malik | ||||||||
| Administratora | |||||||||
• 1960–1962 | Zakir Husain | ||||||||
• 1962–1969 | Abdul Monem Khan | ||||||||
• 1969 | Mirza Nurul Huda | ||||||||
• 1969, 1971 | Lt Gen, Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA | ||||||||
• 1969–1971 | VADM, Syed Mohammad Ahsan, PN | ||||||||
• 1971 | Lt Gen, Tikka Khan, PA | ||||||||
• 1971 | Lt Gen, A. A. K. Niazi, PA | ||||||||
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 14 October 1955 | |||||||||
| 1 July 1970 | |||||||||
• Disestablished | 16 December 1971 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 148,460 km2 (57,320 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1951 census | 44,251,826[1] | ||||||||
| Currency | Pakistani taka | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Bangladesh[a] | ||||||||
.svg)
| History of Bangladesh |
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 Bangladesh portal |
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| This article is part of the series |
| Former administrative units of Pakistan |
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East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, restructured and renamed from the province of East Bengal and covering the territory of the modern country of Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Burma, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal. East Pakistanis were popularly known as "Pakistani Bengalis"; to distinguish this region from India's state West Bengal (which is also known as "Indian Bengal"), East Pakistan was known as "Pakistani Bengal". In 1971, East Pakistan became the newly independent state Bangladesh, which means "country of Bengal" or "country of Bengalis" in Bengali language.
East Pakistan was renamed from East Bengal by the One Unit Scheme of Pakistani Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra. The Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 replaced the Pakistani monarchy with an Islamic republic. Bengali politician H.S. Suhrawardy served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan between 1956 and 1957 and a Bengali bureaucrat Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan. The 1958 Pakistani coup d'état brought general Ayub Khan to power. Khan replaced Mirza as president and launched a crackdown against pro-democracy leaders. Khan enacted the Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 which ended universal suffrage. By 1966, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman emerged as the preeminent opposition leader in Pakistan and launched the six-point movement for autonomy and democracy. The 1969 uprising in East Pakistan contributed to Ayub Khan's overthrow. Another general, Yahya Khan, usurped the presidency and enacted martial law. In 1970, Yahya Khan organised Pakistan's first federal general election. The Awami League emerged as the single largest party, followed by the Pakistan Peoples Party. The military junta stalled in accepting the results, leading to civil disobedience, the Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971 Bangladesh genocide[2] and persecution of Biharis.
The East Pakistan Provincial Assembly was the legislative body of the territory, it was the largest provincial legislature in Pakistan and elections were held only twice in 1954 and 1970. During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, most Bengali members elected to the Pakistani National Assembly and the East Pakistani provincial assembly became members of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh.
Due to the strategic importance of East Pakistan, the Pakistani union was a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. The economy of East Pakistan grew at an average of 2.6% between 1960 and 1965. The federal government invested more funds and foreign aid in West Pakistan, even though East Pakistan generated a major share of exports. However, President Ayub Khan did implement significant industrialisation in East Pakistan. The Kaptai Dam was built in 1965. The Eastern Refinery was established in Chittagong. Dacca was declared as the second capital of Pakistan and planned as the home of the national parliament. The government recruited American architect Louis Kahn to design the national assembly complex in Dacca.[3]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
banglawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Special report: The Breakup of Pakistan 1969-1971". Dawn. Pakistan. 23 September 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^ "National Assembly Building of Bangladesh". Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
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