Wu 吳 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 222–280[1] | |||||||||
 The territories of Wu (in light greenish grey), as of 262 A.D. | |||||||||
| Capital | Wuchang (222–229, 265–266) Jianye (229–265, 266–280) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Eastern Han Chinese, Old Jiangdong Chinese, Proto-Wu Chinese | ||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| King (222–229) Emperor (229–280) | |||||||||
• Nov 222 – May 252 | Sun Quan | ||||||||
• May 252 – Nov 258 | Sun Liang | ||||||||
• Nov 258 – Sep 264 | Sun Xiu | ||||||||
• Sep 264 – May 280 | Sun Hao | ||||||||
| Historical era | Three Kingdoms | ||||||||
• Independence from Cao Wei | 222 | ||||||||
• Sun Quan declaring himself Emperor | 229 | ||||||||
| 31 May 280[1] | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 238[2] | 2,567,000 (disputed) | ||||||||
• 280[2] | 2,535,000 (disputed) | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese coin, Chinese cash | ||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||
| Eastern Wu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 東吳 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东吴 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Dōng Wú | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sun Wu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 孫吳 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孙吴 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Sūn Wú | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wu (Chinese: 吳; pinyin: Wú; Middle Chinese *ŋuo < Eastern Han Chinese: *ŋuɑ[5]), known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. It previously existed from 220 to 222 as a vassal kingdom nominally under Cao Wei, its rival state, but declared complete independence in November 222. It was elevated to an empire in May 229 after its founding ruler, Sun Quan (Emperor Da), declared himself emperor.
The name "Wu" was derived from the place it was based in—the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta) region, which was also historically known as "Wu". It was called "Dong Wu" ("Eastern Wu") or "Sun Wu" by historians to distinguish it from other Chinese historical states with similar names in that region, such as the Wu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Wuyue kingdom in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was called "Eastern Wu" because it occupied most of eastern China in the Three Kingdoms period, and "Sun Wu" because the family name of its rulers was "Sun".
During its existence, Wu's capital was sometimes at Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) and sometimes at Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei).[6]
- ^ Dardess, John W (2010). "The Three Kingdoms, 221–264". Governing China, 150–1850. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. p. 7. ISBN 978-1603844475.
Weakened by internal strife, horrific palace murders, and major defections to the enemy, the last Wu emperor surrendered on 31 May 280, and his realm was annexed to the Jin.
- ^ a b Zou Jiwan (Chinese: 鄒紀萬), Zhongguo Tongshi – Weijin Nanbeichao Shi 中國通史·魏晉南北朝史, (1992).
- ^ Tanner, Harold M. (2009). "Chapter 5: The Age of Warriors and Buddhists". China: A History. Hackett Publishing. p. 142.
When it was established, Wu had only one-sixth of the population of the Eastern Han Empire (Cao Wei held over two-thirds of the Han population).
- ^ Bertrand Russell (1922). Problem of China. London: George Allen & Unwin.
- ^ Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. p. 52
- ^ de Crespigny 2004, 3.