Mongolic language of Gansu, China
Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken within the Yugur nationality. The other language spoken within the same community is Western Yughur , which is a Turkic language . The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages, which are both unwritten.[ 2] Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. Eastern Yugur speakers are said to have passive bilingualism with Inner Mongolian , the standard spoken in China .[ 3]
Eastern Yugur is a threatened language with an aging population of fluent speakers.[ 4] [ 5] Language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Chinese , has noticeably affected the language competency of younger speakers.[ 5] Some younger speakers have also begun to lose their ability to distinguish between different phonetic shades within the language, indicating declining language competency.[ 6]
Grigory Potanin recorded a glossary of Salar , Western Yugur , and Eastern Yugur in his 1893 book written in Russian, The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia .[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12]
^ a b Eastern Yugur at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Cite error: The named reference Nugteren and Roos 1996
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T., eds. (1996). Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1 . Walter de Gruyter. p. 822. ISBN 978-3-11-013417-9 .
^ "East Yugur" . Glottolog . Retrieved 2021-02-19 .
^ a b Wu, Han; Jin, Yasheng (2017). "Phonetic Changes of Eastern Yugur Language: Case Study of Vowel /ɐ/". Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016) . Atlantis Press. pp. 745–749. doi :10.2991/icemeet-16.2017.155 . ISBN 978-94-6252-288-6 .
^ Wu, Han; Yu, Hongzhi (2017). "Features and Changes of Vowels of Eastern Yugur Language". Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Economic Management and Social Science (IEMSS 2017) . Atlantis Press. pp. 681–685. doi :10.2991/iemss-17.2017.136 . ISBN 978-94-6252-314-2 .
^ Poppe, Nicholas (1953). "Remarks on The Salar Language". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies . 16 (3/4): 438–477. doi :10.2307/2718250 . JSTOR 2718250 .
^ Roos, Martina Erica (2000). The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary (PDF) (Doctoral thesis). Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
^ "Yugurology" . The Western Yugur Steppe . Archived from the original on October 5, 2003.
^ Potanin, Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) (1893). Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 (in Russian). Typ. A. S. Suvoryna.
^ Potanin, Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) (1893). Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 (in Russian). Vol. 2. Typ. A. S. Suvoryna.
^ Potanin, Grigory Nikolayevich (Григорий Николаевич Потанин) (1893). Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i Tsentralnaya Mongoliya: puteshestvie G.N. Potanina 1884–1886 Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголія: путешествіе Г.Н. Потанина 1884–1886 (in Russian). Typ. A. S. Suvoryna.