Either/Or (Kierkegaard book)

For other uses, see Either/or.
Either – Or. A Life Fragment edited by Victor Eremita
Title page of a book, titled Enten – Eller.
Title page of the original Danish edition from 1843
AuthorSøren Kierkegaard
Original titleEnten – Eller
LanguageDanish
GenrePhilosophy
PublishedFebruary 20, 1843 University bookshop Reitzel, Copenhagen
Followed byTwo Upbuilding Discourses, 1843 

Either/Or (Danish: Enten – Eller) is the first published work of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. It appeared in two volumes in 1843 under the pseudonymous editorship of Victor Eremita (Latin for "victorious hermit"). It outlines a theory of human existence, marked by the distinction between an essentially hedonistic, aesthetic mode of life and the ethical life, which is predicated upon commitment.

Either/Or portrays two life views. Each life view is written and represented by a fictional author, with the prose reflecting and depending on the life view. The aesthetic life view is written in short essay form, with poetic imagery and allusions, discussing aesthetic topics such as music, seduction, drama, and beauty. The ethical life view is written as two long letters, with a more argumentative and restrained prose, discussing moral responsibility, critical reflection, and marriage.[1] The views are expressed as experiences embodied by the fictional authors. The book's central concern is Aristotle's primal question, "How should we live?"[2] His motto comes from Plutarch, "The deceived is wiser than one not deceived."[3]

The aesthetic is the personal, subjective realm of existence, where an individual lives and extracts pleasure from life for its own sake. This realm offers the possibility of the highest and lowest experiences. The ethical, on the other hand, is the civic realm of existence, where value and identity are judged and at times superseded by the objective world. The choice is whether to remain oblivious to the outside world or to become involved. More specifically, the ethical realm starts with a conscious effort to choose one's life. Either way it is possible to go too far in one direction and lose sight of the self. Only faith can rescue the individual from these two opposing realms. Either/Or concludes with a brief sermon hinting at the religious sphere of existence, which consumed most of Kierkegaard's publishing career. Ultimately, his challenge is for the reader to "discover a second face hidden behind the one you see"[4] internally, and then in others.

  1. ^ Kierkegaard, Søren (2000). Hong, Howard Vincent; Hong, Edna (eds.). The essential Kierkegaard. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01940-6.
  2. ^ Warburton, Nigel (2014-02-03). Philosophy: The Classics. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315849201. ISBN 978-1-317-90917-0.
  3. ^ Kierkegaard, Søren (1978). Kierkegaard's Writings: Stages on Life's Way. Princeton University Press. pp. 88, 119–120. ISBN 978-0-691-07395-8.
  4. ^ Cairus, Paul (1915). "Goethe with Special Consideration of His Philosophy". Either/Or Part I. Translated by Swenson. Chicago, Open Court. p. 223.