Eliza Marian Butler (29 December 1885 – 13 November 1959),[1] was an English linguist, academic, and scholar of German who successively held two prestigious endowed professorships:[2] the Henry Simon Chair in German (1936–1944)[3] at University of Manchester; and the Schröder Professor of German at the University of Cambridge (from 1945). She was the first women ever appointed to either of these chairs.[2] Controversial when first published, and banned in Germany, her 1935 book The Tyranny of Greece over Germany, became a classic of German cultural analysis in the English-speaking world after the Second World War.[4] In addition to academic works, published as E. M. Butler and Elizabeth M. Butler, she published two novels and a memoir.
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