Emanuel Leplin

Emanuel Leplin (October 3, 1917; San Francisco, California – December 1, 1972; Martinez, California) was a composer,^[1] conductor, and painter^[2] active mainly in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in San Francisco, and joined the San Francisco Symphony as a violist in 1941,^[3] conducting it in two of his own works, in 1941^[4][5] and 1947.^[6] In 1954, he contracted polio, and afterward, was unable to hold a brush or compose using anything below his neck but the first three fingers of his right hand.^[7][8][9] With these fingers he composed three symphonies, a violin concerto, and many other works for orchestra and chamber groups.^{[10][circular reference][11]}