Emperor Ningzong

Emperor Ningzong of Song
Emperor Ningzong of Song
Traditional Chinese	宋寧宗
Simplified Chinese	宋宁宗
Literal meaning	"Peaceful Ancestor of the Song"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Sòng Níngzōng
Wade–Giles	Song Ningtsung
IPA	[sʊ̂ŋ nǐŋ.tsʊ́ŋ]
Zhao Kuo
Traditional Chinese	趙擴
Simplified Chinese	赵扩
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhào Kuo
Wade–Giles	Chao K'uo
IPA	[ʈʂâʊ kʰwô]

Era dates
	Qingyuan (慶元; 1195–1201); Jiatai (嘉泰; 1201–1204); Kaixi (開禧; 1205–1207); Jiading (嘉定; 1207–1224)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Fatian Beidao Chunde Maogong Renwen Zhewu Shengrui Gongxiao (法天備道純德茂功仁文哲武聖睿恭孝皇帝)
Temple name
	Ningzong (寧宗)

Emperor Ningzong of Song
宋寧宗
Emperor Ningzong of Song ; 宋寧宗
	Palace portrait on a hanging scroll, kept in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Emperor of the Song dynasty
Reign	24 July 1194 – 17 September 1224
Coronation	24 July 1194
Predecessor	Emperor Guangzong
Successor	Emperor Lizong
Born	Zhao Kuo (趙擴); 19 November 1168
Died	17 September 1224 (aged 55)
Burial	Yongmao Mausoleum (永茂陵, in present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang)
Consorts	; Empress Gongshu (m. 1185; died 1200) ; Empress Gongsheng (m. 1195⁠–⁠1224)
Issue	Princess Yuping
Era dates
Era dates
	Qingyuan (慶元; 1195–1201); Jiatai (嘉泰; 1201–1204); Kaixi (開禧; 1205–1207); Jiading (嘉定; 1207–1224)
Posthumous name
	Emperor Fatian Beidao Chunde Maogong Renwen Zhewu Shengrui Gongxiao (法天備道純德茂功仁文哲武聖睿恭孝皇帝)
Temple name
	Ningzong (寧宗)
House	Zhao
Dynasty	Song (Southern Song)
Father	Emperor Guangzong
Mother	Empress Ciyi
Signature

Emperor Ningzong of Song (19 November 1168 – 17 September 1224), personal name Zhao Kuo, was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the fourth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1194 until his death in 1224.

He was the second son and the only surviving child of his predecessor Guangzong and like his father, Ningzong was weak-minded; easily dominated by women.^[1] During Ningzong's reign, he had built 75 commemorative shrines and steles, the most in Song history.^[2] He was a great patron of art, promoting artists such as Liang Kai and Ma Yuan to painter-in-waiting and writing poems about their paintings.^[3] Upon Ningzong's death, a minor official and a remote relative of Ningzong became Emperor Lizong.

^ Paludan, Ann (2009-01-01). Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500287644.
^ Huang, Kuo Hung (2017-03-06). Telecommunication: Changing Humanities and Smart Application of Digital Technologies. Bentham Science Publishers. p. 50. ISBN 9781681084077.
^ Shen, Zhiyu (1981). The Shanghai Museum of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. pp. 223–224. ISBN 0-8109-1646-0.

[1] Paludan, Ann (2009-01-01). Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500287644.

[2] Huang, Kuo Hung (2017-03-06). Telecommunication: Changing Humanities and Smart Application of Digital Technologies. Bentham Science Publishers. p. 50. ISBN 9781681084077.

[Shen-3] Shen, Zhiyu (1981). The Shanghai Museum of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. pp. 223–224. ISBN 0-8109-1646-0.

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