Enamel hypoplasia

Enamel hypoplasia
SpecialtyDentistry

Enamel hypoplasia is a defect of the teeth in which the enamel is deficient in quantity,[1] caused by defective enamel matrix formation during enamel development, as a result of inherited and acquired systemic condition(s). It can be identified as missing tooth structure and may manifest as pits or grooves in the crown of the affected teeth, and in extreme cases, some portions of the crown of the tooth may have no enamel, exposing the dentin.[2] It may be generalized across the dentition or localized to a few teeth. Defects are categorized by shape or location. Common categories are pit-form, plane-form, linear-form, and localised enamel hypoplasia.[3][4][5] Hypoplastic lesions are found in areas of the teeth where the enamel was being actively formed during a systemic or local disturbance. Since the formation of enamel extends over a long period of time, defects may be confined to one well-defined area of the affected teeth. Knowledge of chronological development of deciduous and permanent teeth makes it possible to determine the approximate time at which the developmental disturbance occurred.[6] Enamel hypoplasia varies substantially among populations and can be used to infer health and behavioural impacts from the past. Defects have also been found in a variety of non-human animals.[7][8][9]

  1. ^ Ash Jr MM, Nelson SJ (2003). Dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion (8th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7216-9382-8.[page needed]
  2. ^ Towle I, Dove ER, Irish JD, De Groote I (2018). "Severe Plane-Form Enamel Hypoplasia in a Dentition from Roman Britain" (PDF). Dental Anthropology Journal. 30: 16–24. doi:10.26575/daj.v30i1.23.
  3. ^ Towle I, Irish JD (April 2019). "A probable genetic origin for pitting enamel hypoplasia on the molars of Paranthropus robustus" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 129: 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.002. PMID 30904040.
  4. ^ Hillson S, Bond S (September 1997). "Relationship of enamel hypoplasia to the pattern of tooth crown growth: a discussion". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 104 (1): 89–103. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<89::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-8. PMID 9331455.
  5. ^ Skinner MF, Skinner MM, Pilbrow VC, Hannibal DL (2016). "An Enigmatic Hypoplastic Defect of the Maxillary Lateral Incisor in Recent and Fossil Orangutans from Sumatra (Pongo abelii) and Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus)" (PDF). International Journal of Primatology. 37 (4–5): 548–567. doi:10.1007/s10764-016-9920-2. S2CID 42106249.
  6. ^ Kumar G (2011). Orban's Oral Histology and Embryology (13th ed.). India: Elsevier. pp. 72–87.
  7. ^ Dobney K, Ervynck A (2000). "Interpreting Developmental Stress in Archaeological Pigs: The Chronology of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia". Journal of Archaeological Science. 27 (7): 597–607. doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0477.
  8. ^ Towle I, Irish JD, De Groote I (April 2018). "Amelogenesis imperfecta in the dentition of a wild chimpanzee" (PDF). Journal of Medical Primatology. 47 (2): 117–119. doi:10.1111/jmp.12323. PMID 29112236. S2CID 3801451.
  9. ^ Moggi-Cecchi J, Crovella S (1991). "Occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in the dentitions of simian primates". Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology. 57 (2): 106–10. doi:10.1159/000156571. PMID 1786905.