Enchondroma

Enchondroma
Micrograph of an enchondroma. H&E stain.

Enchondroma is a type of benign bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors.[1][2] There may be no symptoms,[3] or it may present typically in the short tubular bones of the hands with a swelling, pain or pathological fracture.[4]

Diagnosis is by X-ray, CT scan and sometimes MRI.[4] Most occur as a less than three centimetre size single tumor. When several occur in one long bone or several bones, the syndrome is called enchondromatosis.[4]

Where there are no symptoms, treatment is often not needed.[4] If treatment is required, curettage may be performed.[4] Less than 1% become malignant, unless part of a syndrome.[4]

They comprise around 30% of cartilage tumors.[5] 90% of tumors in the hand are enchondromas.[6]

  1. ^ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "Bone tumors". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 3 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 338. ISBN 978-92-832-4503-2.
  2. ^ "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  3. ^ Suster, David; Hung, Yin Pun; Nielsen, G. Petur (1 January 2020). "Differential Diagnosis of Cartilaginous Lesions of Bone". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 144 (1): 71–82. doi:10.5858/arpa.2019-0441-RA. ISSN 0003-9985. PMID 31877083.
  4. ^ a b c d e f WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "Enchondroma". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 3 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 353–355. ISBN 978-92-832-4503-2.
  5. ^ Engel, Hannes; Herget, Georg W.; Füllgraf, Hannah; Sutter, Reto; Benndorf, Matthias; Bamberg, Fabian; Jungmann, Pia M. (March 2021). "Chondrogenic Bone Tumors: The Importance of Imaging Characteristics". RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 193 (3): 262–275. doi:10.1055/a-1288-1209. ISSN 1438-9010. PMID 33152784.
  6. ^ Pal, Julie; Wallman, Jackie (2019). "33. Ganglions and tumours of the hands and wrist". In Wietlisbach, Christine M. (ed.). Cooper'sFundamentals of Hand Therapy E-Book: Clinical Reasoning and Treatment Guidelines for Common Diagnoses of the Upper Extremity. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-323-52479-7.