Ende (artist)

The Last Judgment, painted by Ende, from the Gerona Beatus

Ende (or En) is the first Spanish female manuscript illuminator to have her work documented through inscription: ENDE PINTRIX ET D(E)I AIUTRIX in the colophon of the Gerona Beatus.[1] Most information about her comes down to the inscription in her artwork as there was no other record.[2] Her lifetime is not known but can be assumed based on the inscription era in the Gerona Beatus: AD 975.[3] The appellation of “dei aiutrix” alludes to the fact that she was probably a nun however it has been found what her foundation was.[1] There are a number of hands discernible in the manuscripts. The chief scribe was a priest called Senior. Historians have also attributed elements of the manuscripts to Emetrius, whose style is attributable in comparison to an earlier signed work.[1] However, based on painting style attributes, some theorists conclude that nearly all of the manuscript illustrations were completed by Ende.[4]

  1. ^ a b c Gaze, Delia (1997). Dictionary of women artists. Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 498-499. ISBN 1884964214. OCLC 185867951.
  2. ^ "Exceptions and Assumptions: Women in Medieval Art History". Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture. 2012. pp. 1–33. doi:10.1163/9789004228320_002. ISBN 978-90-04-22832-0.
  3. ^ McGovern, James Owen (2004). Monumental ceremonial architecture and political autonomy at the ancient Maya city of Actuncan, Belize (Thesis). ProQuest 1297915754.
  4. ^ Miner, Dorothy E. (1974). Anastaise and her sisters : women manuscript illuminators of the Middle Ages : a twentieth anniversary keepsake, the Baltimore Bibliophiles, 12 November 1974. Walters Art Gallery. OCLC 609732758.