Endothelin

Endothelin family
Identifiers
SymbolEndothelin
PfamPF00322
InterProIPR001928
PROSITEPDOC00243
SCOP21edp / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily147
OPM protein3cmh
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
Endothelin 1
Identifiers
SymbolEDN1
NCBI gene1906
HGNC3176
OMIM131240
RefSeqNM_001955
UniProtP05305
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p23-p24
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
Endothelin 2
Identifiers
SymbolEDN2
NCBI gene1907
HGNC3177
OMIM131241
RefSeqNM_001956
UniProtP20800
Other data
LocusChr. 1 p34
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
Endothelin 3
Identifiers
SymbolEDN3
HGNC3178
OMIM131242
RefSeqNM_000114
UniProtP14138
Other data
LocusChr. 20 q13.2-q13.3
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs.[1][2][3] Endothelin constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. The endothelins are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when overexpressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, and potentially other diseases.[1][4]

Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium having a key role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelins are implicated in vascular diseases of several organ systems, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain.[5][6] As of 2018, endothelins remain under extensive basic and clinical research to define their roles in several organ systems.[1][7][8][9]

  1. ^ a b c Davenport AP, Hyndman KA, Dhaun N, Southan C, Kohan DE, Pollock JS, et al. (April 2016). "Endothelin". Pharmacological Reviews. 68 (2): 357–418. doi:10.1124/pr.115.011833. PMC 4815360. PMID 26956245.
  2. ^ Kawanabe Y, Nauli SM (January 2011). "Endothelin". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 68 (2): 195–203. doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0518-0. PMC 3141212. PMID 20848158.
  3. ^ Kedzierski RM, Yanagisawa M (2001). "Endothelin system: the double-edged sword in health and disease". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 41: 851–76. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.851. PMID 11264479.
  4. ^ Maguire JJ, Davenport AP (December 2014). "Endothelin@25 - new agonists, antagonists, inhibitors and emerging research frontiers: IUPHAR Review 12". British Journal of Pharmacology. 171 (24): 5555–72. doi:10.1111/bph.12874. PMC 4290702. PMID 25131455.
  5. ^ Agapitov AV, Haynes WG (March 2002). "Role of endothelin in cardiovascular disease". Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. 3 (1): 1–15. doi:10.3317/jraas.2002.001. PMID 11984741. S2CID 11382836.
  6. ^ Schinelli S (2006). "Pharmacology and physiopathology of the brain endothelin system: an overview". Current Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (6): 627–38. doi:10.2174/092986706776055652. PMID 16529555.
  7. ^ Kuang HY, Wu YH, Yi QJ, Tian J, Wu C, Shou WN, Lu TW (March 2018). "The efficiency of endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Medicine. 97 (10): e0075. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010075. PMC 5882424. PMID 29517668.
  8. ^ Iljazi A, Ayata C, Ashina M, Hougaard A (March 2018). "The Role of Endothelin in the Pathophysiology of Migraine-a Systematic Review". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 22 (4): 27. doi:10.1007/s11916-018-0682-8. PMID 29557064. S2CID 35440852.
  9. ^ Lu YP, Hasan AA, Zeng S, Hocher B (2017). "Plasma ET-1 Concentrations Are Elevated in Pregnant Women with Hypertension -Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies". Kidney & Blood Pressure Research. 42 (4): 654–663. doi:10.1159/000482004. PMID 29212079.