Endothelin 2 (ET-2) is a protein encoded by the EDN2 gene in humans. It was first discovered in 1988 by Yanagisawa and team[5] and belongs to a family of three endothelin peptide isoforms (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3), which constrict blood vessels. ET-2 is encoded by genes on separate chromosomes to its isoforms and is mainly produced in vascular endothelial cells of the kidney, placenta, uterus, heart, central nervous system and intestine.[6] It becomes present in the blood of animals and humans at levels ranging from 0.3pg/ml to 3pg/ml.[7] ET-2 acts by binding to two different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the endothelin A receptor (EDNRA) and the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB).[8]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127129 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028635 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, et al. (March 1988). "A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells" (PDF). Nature. 332 (6163): 411–5. Bibcode:1988Natur.332..411Y. doi:10.1038/332411a0. hdl:2241/1639. PMID 2451132. S2CID 4308549.
- ^ Vatta MS, Bianciotti LG, Guil MJ, Hope SI (2015). "Regulation of the norepinephrine transporter by endothelins: a potential therapeutic target". Vitamins and Hormones. 98: 371–405. doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.013. hdl:11336/38984. ISBN 978-0-12-803008-0. PMID 25817875.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ling et al 2013was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Nakas-Ićindić E, Zaciragić A, Hadzović A, Avdagić N (July 2004). "Endothelin in health and disease". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 4 (3): 31–4. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2004.3381. PMC 7245481. PMID 15629009.