Energy in Ukraine is mainly from gas and nuclear, followed by oil and coal.[1] Ukraine has a diversified energy mix, and no fuel takes up more than a third of the country’s energy sources. Most gas and oil is imported, but since 2015 energy policy has prioritised diversifying energy supply.[1]
The coal industry has been disrupted by war,[2] and as of 2024 over 70% of electricity generation is nuclear.[3] The largest nuclear power plant in Europe, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, is located in Ukraine. Fossil fuel subsidies were USD 1.6 billion in 2021.[4] Until the 2010s all of Ukraine's nuclear fuel came from Russia, but now most does not.[5]
Ukraine’s gas network has much storage, which can be useful for storing Europe's gas to even out supply and demand,[6] and it formerly transited much Russian natural gas to Europe but that agreement ends at the end of 2024.[7] Some energy infrastructure was destroyed in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[8][9] but wind farms and solar power are thought to be resilient because they are distributed.[10] An energy strategy to 2050 was adopted in 2023 but has not yet been published.[11]
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