Energy in Ukraine

Gas pipeline in Dniester Canyon National Nature Park

Energy in Ukraine is mainly from gas and nuclear, followed by oil and coal.[1] Ukraine has a diversified energy mix, and no fuel takes up more than a third of the country’s energy sources. Most gas and oil is imported, but since 2015 energy policy has prioritised diversifying energy supply.[1]

The coal industry has been disrupted by war,[2] and as of 2024 over 70% of electricity generation is nuclear.[3] The largest nuclear power plant in Europe, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, is located in Ukraine. Fossil fuel subsidies were USD 1.6 billion in 2021.[4] Until the 2010s all of Ukraine's nuclear fuel came from Russia, but now most does not.[5]

Ukraine’s gas network has much storage, which can be useful for storing Europe's gas to even out supply and demand,[6] and it formerly transited much Russian natural gas to Europe but that agreement ends at the end of 2024.[7] Some energy infrastructure was destroyed in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[8][9] but wind farms and solar power are thought to be resilient because they are distributed.[10] An energy strategy to 2050 was adopted in 2023 but has not yet been published.[11]

Energy consumption declined in the 1990s after the breakup of the Soviet Union and in the 2010s and 2020s during war with Russia
  1. ^ a b "Ukraine - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  2. ^ "The paradox threatening Ukraine's post-coal future". openDemocracy. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  3. ^ Dickinson, Peter (2024-11-05). "Ukraine needs Western support to boost its nuclear energy potential". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  4. ^ "Review of energy subsidies in the context of energy sector reforms in Ukraine".
  5. ^ "Westinghouse and Ukraine's Energoatom Extend Long-term Nuclear Fuel Contract". Westinghouse. 11 April 2014. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  6. ^ "Natural gas prices are rising after Russia attacked Ukrainian storage tanks". Quartz. 2024-04-11. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  7. ^ Walker, Laurence (2024-04-09). "Russia may target gas system if transit ends – Eustream". MONTEL. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
  8. ^ Lock, Samantha (2022-02-27). "Russia-Ukraine latest news: missile strikes on oil facilities reported as some Russian banks cut off from Swift system – live". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  9. ^ Taylor, Kira (2022-02-26). "Ukraine's energy system coping but risks major damage as war continues". www.euractiv.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Resilient and renewable - modelling Ukraine's energy system". Instrat. Retrieved 2024-05-09.