Enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin
Clinical data
Trade namesBaytril, others
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth, subcutaneous, intramuscular
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability80% in dogs, 65-75% in sheep [4]
MetabolismKidney and non-kidney[4]
Elimination half-life4–5 hours in dogs, 6 hours in cats, 1.5 - 4.5 hours in sheep
ExcretionBile duct (70%); kidney (30%)[5]
Identifiers
  • 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.131.355 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H22FN3O3
Molar mass359.401 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F)
  • O=C(O)\C3=C\N(c2cc(N1CCN(CC)CC1)c(F)cc2C3=O)C4CC4
  • InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O3/c1-2-21-5-7-22(8-6-21)17-10-16-13(9-15(17)20)18(24)14(19(25)26)11-23(16)12-3-4-12/h9-12H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,25,26) checkY
  • Key:SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Enrofloxacin, sold under the brand name Baytril, among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of animals.[1] It is a bactericidal agent.[1]

The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. Enrofloxacin is partially deethylated by CYP450 into the active metabolite ciprofloxacin, which is also a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of enrofloxacin for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as the practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen.[6] Enrofloxacin is available as a fixed-dose combination medication with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of canine otitis externa.[7] It is available as a generic medication.

  1. ^ a b c "Baytril- enrofloxacin injection, solution". DailyMed. 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Baytril- enrofloxacin injection, solution". DailyMed. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  3. ^ "Baytril- enrofloxacin tablet, chewable". DailyMed. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  4. ^ a b Plumb DC. "Enrofloxacin". Veterinary Drug Handbook (fifth ed.).
  5. ^ "Baytril: Excretion and Elimination". Bayer HealthCare AG. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  6. ^ "Enrofloxacin for Poultry". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 10 February 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
  7. ^ "Baytril Otic- enrofloxacin, silver sulfadiazine emulsion". DailyMed. 27 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.