| Eoconfuciusornis Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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| Life restoration | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Clade: | Avialae |
| Clade: | Pygostylia |
| Clade: | †Confuciusornithiformes |
| Genus: | †Eoconfuciusornis Zhang, Zhou & Benton, 2008 |
| Species: | †E. zhengi
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| Binomial name | |
| †Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Zhang, Zhou & Benton, 2008
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Eoconfuciusornis a genus of extinct avialan that lived 131 Ma ago, in the Early Cretaceous of China.[1] It is the oldest known bird to have a beak.[2]
The type species of Eoconfuciusornis, Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, was named and described by Zhang Fucheng, Zhou Zhonghe and Michael Benton in 2008. The generic name combines a Greek ἠώς, eos, "dawn", with the name of the related genus Confuciusornis. The specific name honours Zheng Guangmei.[1]
The holotype, specimen IVPP V11977, was found near Sichakou in Fengning in Hebei province. Its provenance the Sichakou Beds are part of the Dabeigou Formation which was seen by the describers as dating to the Hauterivian, and were thought to be about 131 million years old. The specimen consists of a compressed skeleton that is relatively complete and shows well conserved remains of most of the feathering.[1]
Eoconfuciusornis was somewhat smaller than Confuciusornis, but otherwise very similar with a pointed toothless beak. Compared to the latter it had longer legs and lacked a pierced deltopectoral crest on the humerus.[1]
Eoconfuciusornis was assigned to the Confuciusornithidae. It would have been the most basal species known of that group, as reflected by the generic name and in conformation to the age ascribed to it, about six million years older than the specimens of Confuciusornis.[1]
Feathers making up the wing coverts, nape, and tail were black, and a dark spotted pattern can be spotted on the secondary remiges. Feathers on the hindlimb and top of the head were grey, while those on the throat were brown.[3]
- ^ a b c d e Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Benton, M.J. (2008). "A primitive confuciusornithid bird from China and its implications for early avian flight". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (5): 625–639. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0050-3.
- ^ Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O’Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yanhong Pan; Yan Wang; Min Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2017). "Exceptional preservation of soft tissue in a new specimen of Eoconfuciusornis and its biological implications". National Science Review. 4 (3): 441–452. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwx004.
- ^ Roy, Arindam; Pittman, Michael; Saitta, Evan T.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Xu, Xing (2020). "Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 22–50. doi:10.1111/brv.12552. PMC 7004074. PMID 31538399. S2CID 202702033.