Equine drug testing

Equine drug testing is a form of drug testing applied to performance horses in regulated competition. Most common in racehorses, drug tests are also performed on horses in endurance riding and in international competition such as the Olympics and FEI-sanctioned competition. Many horses in a competition sanctioned by various national organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation in the USA are also tested for improper drug use. An organization for cooperation and harmonization regarding horseracing is the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) that have several members in over 50 countries worldwide.[1]

Before the mid-1980s, the use of high potency performance altering substances in racing was less well controlled due to the inadequacy of analytical technology. Around that time, highly sensitive ELISA testing of horse urine was introduced to racing regulators by a group at the University of Kentucky.[2] This proprietary technology essentially solved the problem of the abuse of high potency drugs in racing horses. ELISA tests are now marketed worldwide out of Lexington, Kentucky.[3] Today, further advances in testing technology have augmented and in many instances replaced ELISA tests to detecting doping.

Traces of therapeutic medications and dietary and environmental substances can be detected using current testing technology. This has created controversy over a "zero tolerance" approach to drug testing, and resulted in the establishment of regulatory limits or "thresholds" (the urine or blood concentration of a substance below which there is no pharmacological activity, i.e., there is no effect, a so-called "No Effect Threshold" or NET).

Recent challenges in drug testing include the development of effective regulatory methods for the newer hormonal products such as the various human recombinant erythropoietin products and variants and growth hormones. A high-quality ELISA test for human recombinant erythropoietin is now available,[4] and recently the first Mass Spectral Confirmation method to detect use of human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in horses or any species was developed.[5]

  1. ^ "International Federation of Horseracing Authorities". www.ifhaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  2. ^ "Effects of Medication on Performance". Thomastobin.com. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  3. ^ "Animal Sport Drug Detection, Toxicology, Neogen". Neogen.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  4. ^ "Erythropoiretin (EPO) and protein based drug" (PDF). Ua-rtip.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  5. ^ Giménez, E; Ramos-Hernan, R; Benavente, F; Barbosa, J; Sanz-Nebot, V (2014-01-24). "Analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin glycopeptides by capillary electrophoresis electrospray-time of flight-mass spectrometry". Anal Chim Acta. 709: 81–90. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.028. PMID 22122935.