Ernestine Diwisch (23 March 1921 – 24 May 1944) was an Austrian political activist (KPÖ). After 1938 she became caught up in anti-government resistance. She was arrested and taken to Berlin where she faced the special People's Court. She was convicted and sentenced to death on 8 February 1944. She was taken back to Vienna and executed on the guillotine that had been installed at the city's district court complex shortly after the German National Socialists had taken control of Austria.[1][2]