 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2020) |
| Esen ᠡᠰᠡᠨ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tian-sheng Khagan of the Great Yuan[1] | |||||||||||||
| Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 12 September 1453[2]–1454 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Agbarjin | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Markörgis Khan | ||||||||||||
| Born | 1407 Outer Mongolia | ||||||||||||
| Died | 1454 Outer Mongolia | ||||||||||||
| Spouse | Makhtum Khanim | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| House | Choros | ||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Northern Yuan | ||||||||||||
| Father | Toghon Taishi | ||||||||||||
Esen (Mongolian: Эсэн; Mongol script: ᠡᠰᠡᠨ; Chinese: 也先)[4] (1407–1454), was a powerful Oirat taishi and the de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1449 in the Battle of Tumu Fortress and briefly reuniting the Mongol tribes. The Four Oirat reached the peak of their power under his rule.
- ^ Henry, Serruys (1956). "Notes on a Few Mongolian Rulers of the 15th Century". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 76 (2): 82–90. doi:10.2307/595075. JSTOR 595075.
sent by Esen-tayisi with a document wherein he called himself Great Qayan T'ien-sheng of the. Great Yuan.s The document was dated the first.
- ^ Zhang Tingyu. 《明史·卷十一·本紀第十一·景帝》 (in Chinese).
甲午，也先自立為可汗。
- ^ a b 張廷玉. 《明史‧卷三百二十八‧列傳第二百十六‧外國九‧瓦剌》 (in Chinese).
明年冬，也先自立為可汗，以其次子為太師，來朝，書稱大元田盛大可汗，末曰添元元年。田盛，猶言天聖也。報書稱曰瓦剌可汗。
- ^ Robinson, "Politics, Force and Ethnicity in Ming China: Mongols and the Abortive Coup of 1461," 80.