 | |
 Chemical structure of ethambutol (top) and photo of ethambutol crystals (bottom) | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Myambutol, Etibi,[1] Servambutol, others |
| Other names | (2S,2’S)-2,2’-(Ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol[2] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| License data |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 20–30% |
| Metabolism | liver |
| Elimination half-life | 3–4 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.737 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H24N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 204.314 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis.[4] It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide.[5] It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii.[4] It is taken by mouth.[4]
Common side effects include problems with vision, joint pain, nausea, headaches, and feeling tired.[4] Other side effects include liver problems and allergic reactions.[4] It is not recommended in people with optic neuritis, significant kidney problems, or under the age of five.[5] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been found to cause harm.[5][6] In the United States the FDA has raised concerns about eye issues in the baby if used during pregnancy.[4] Ethambutol is believed to work by interfering with the bacteria's metabolism.[4]
Ethambutol was discovered in 1961.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines[8] and is available as a generic medication.[1]
- ^ a b Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia (Deluxe Lab-Coat ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 48. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ "ethambutol (CHEBI:4877)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 18 August 2010. Main. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2012 – via ebi.ac.uk.
- ^ "ETHAMBUTOL LUPIN, ETHAMBUTOL LAPL, ETHAMBUTOL GH (Lupin Australia Pty Limited)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 28 September 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Ethambutol Hydrochloride". drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ a b c Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR, eds. (2009). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 136, 138, 588, 603. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". TGA.gov.au. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health, Australia. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ^ Landau R, Achilladelis B, Scriabine A (1999). Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 171. ISBN 9780941901215. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
- ^ Organization WH (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.