Ethyl formate

Ethyl formate
Ethyl formate
Ethyl formate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl formate
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethyl methanoate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
906769
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.384 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-721-0
RTECS number
  • LQ8400000
UNII
UN number 1190
  • InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 checkY
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
    Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYAO
  • O=COCC
Properties
C3H6O2
Molar mass 74.079 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid[1]
Odor fruity[1]
Density 0.917 g/cm3
Melting point −80 °C; −112 °F; 193 K
Boiling point 54.0 °C (129.2 °F; 327.1 K)
9% (17.78°C)[1]
Vapor pressure 200 mmHg (20°C)[1]
-43.00·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point −20 °C; −4 °F; 253 K[1]
Explosive limits 2.8% - 16.0%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1850 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1110 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
2075 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[2]
10,000 ppm (cat, 1.5 hr)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
1500 ppm[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries,[3] occurring naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices. Ethyl formate does not occur naturally in the animal kingdom.[4]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0278". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b "Ethyl formate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ Sample, Ian (21 April 2009). "Galaxy's centre tastes of raspberries and smells of rum, say astronomers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 2009-04-21.
  4. ^ "eCFR :: 21 CFR 184.1295 -- Ethyl formate". 2024-02-22. Archived from the original on 2024-02-22. Retrieved 2024-02-22.