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European Union Customs Union
EU member states Non-EU states which participate in the customs union, or are in bilateral customs unions with the EU
Type	Customs union
Membership	27 EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden 5 states/territories with bilateral agreements Andorra Monaco San Marino Turkey Akrotiri and Dhekelia (United Kingdom)
Establishment	1968^[1]
Area
• Total	4,950,000 km² (1,910,000 sq mi)
Population
• 2021 estimate	518,000,000
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$16.1 trillion
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$16.6 trillion

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The European Union Customs Union (EUCU), formally known as the Community Customs Union, is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union (EU), Monaco, and the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Some detached territories of EU states do not participate in the customs union, usually as a result of their geographic separation.^[a] In addition to the EUCU, the EU is in customs unions with Andorra, San Marino and Turkey (with the exceptions of certain goods),^[b] through separate bilateral agreements.^[2]

There are no tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade between the members of the customs union and – unlike a free trade area – members of the customs union impose a common external tariff on all goods entering the union.^[3]

The European Commission negotiates for and on behalf of the Union as a whole in international trade deals, rather than each member state negotiating individually. It also represents the Union in the World Trade Organization and any trade disputes mediated through it.

^ Dinan, Desmond (2014). Europe Recast: A History of European Union (2nd ed.). Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-333-69352-0.
^ Customs unions, Taxation and Customs Union Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, European Commission. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
^ Erskine, Daniel H (2006). "The United States-EC Dispute Over Customs Matters: Trade Facilitation, Customs Unions, and the Meaning of WTO Obligations". Florida Journal of International Law. 18: 432–485. SSRN 987367.

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