Euskadi Roja

Euskadi Roja
1934 issue of Euskadi Roja
FoundedMarch 1933
Political alignmentCommunist
LanguageSpanish, Euskera
Ceased publication1950
HeadquartersSan Sebastian, Bilbao, Barcelona, Paris
Circulation45,000 (1937)

Euskadi Roja or Euzkadi Roja ('Red Euskadi') was a newspaper published by the Basque-Navarre Federation of the Communist Party of Spain.[1][2] Parts of the newspaper was printed in Euskera.[3]

Euskadi Roja replaced an earlier party organ in Vizcaya, Bandera Roja.[4] Initially, Euskadi Roja was published weekly from Bilbao.[1] The first issue came out in March 1933. Notably, this was the first time the communist movement used the term 'Euskadi' for the Basque Country (a term that had exclusively been used by the nationalist movement).[5] Towards the end of 1935 the newspaper was moved to San Sebastián. As the Spanish Civil War broke out and San Sebastian fell, the newspaper moved back to Bilbao.[1][6] On December 2, 1936, it was converted into a daily newspaper.[1][7] As of February–March 1937 Euskadi Roja had a daily circulation of 45,000–48,000. Apart from being circulated in Basque Country, Euskadi Roja was read in Santander and Asturias.[8]

At the time, Euskadi Roja was considered one of the Spanish communist publications of higher quality.[1] Ramón Ormazabal and Ricardo Urondo served as directors of Euskadi Roja.[9][10]

After the fall of Bilbao, the newspaper re-appeared in Barcelona as a weekly.[1] Euskadi Roja continued publication in exile in France after the war, as the central organ of the Communist Party of Euskadi with Ormazabal as its director.[11][12] It was printed at the Croissant printing company, and had its office at 8, avenue Mathurin-Moreau, Paris [fr].[11][13] The newspaper was banned in France, along with the Communist Party of Spain.[12] The ban came into effect on October 27, 1950.[13]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Checa Godoy, Antonio. Prensa y partidos politicos durante la II republica. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1989. p. 90
  2. ^ Jiménez de Aberásturi, Juan Carlos. Estudios de historia contemporánea del País Vasco. San Sebastián: Haranburu, 1982. p. 178
  3. ^ Vaca de Osma, José Antonio. Los vascos en la historia de España. Madrid: Rialp, 1996. p. 222
  4. ^ Ibárruri, Dolores, María Carmen García-Nieto París, and Ma. José Capellín Corrada. El único camino. Madrid: Editorial Castalia, 1992. p. 149
  5. ^ Cruz Seoane, María, and María Dolores Saíz. Cuatro siglos de periodismo en España: de los avisos a los periódicos digitales. Madrid: Alianza, 2007. p. 221
  6. ^ Garitaonaindía Garnacho, Carmelo, José Luis de la Granja Sainz, and de Lara, Manuel Tuñón. La Guerra Civil en el País Vasco: 50 años después. [Bilbao]: Servicio Editorial, Universidad del País Vasco, 1987. p. 202
  7. ^ García Miranda, Juan Carlos. Prensa republicana de guerra: Asturias 1936–1937. Oviedo: Biblioteca Popular Asturiana, 1982. p. 57
  8. ^ Aizpuru, Mikel. El informe Brusiloff: la Guerra Civil de 1936 en el Frente Norte vista por un traductor ruso. Irún: Alberdania Editora, 2009. p. 157
  9. ^ Ramírez, Txema. Ertzantza, héroes o villanos?: pasado y presente de la Policía Autónoma vasca. Tafalla, Navarra: Txalaparta, 1992. p. 48
  10. ^ Egaña, Iñaki. Los crímenes de Franco en Euskal Herria 1936–1940. Tafalla: Txalaparta, 2009. p. 138
  11. ^ a b Guixé i Coromines, Jordi. L'Europa de Franco: l'esquerra antifranquista i la "caça de bruixes" a l'inici de la guerra freda ; França 1943 – 1941. Barcelona: Publ. de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2002. p. 128
  12. ^ a b Coloquio Hispano-Francés de Historia Contemporánea, Jean-Pierre Etienvre, and José Ramón de Urquijo y Goitia. España, Francia y la Comunidad Europea: actas del Segundo Coloquio Hispano-Francés de Historia Contemporánea, celebrado en Aix-en-Provence los días 16, 17 y 18 de junio de 1986. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 1989. p. 157
  13. ^ a b Journal officiel de la République française. 1956. p. 4145