Experience sampling method

The experience sampling method (ESM),[1] also referred to as a daily diary method, or ecological momentary assessment (EMA), is an intensive longitudinal research methodology that involves asking participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and/or environment on multiple occasions over time.[2] Participants report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and/or environment in the moment (right then, not later; right there, not elsewhere) or shortly thereafter.[3] Participants can be given a journal with many identical pages. Each page can have a psychometric scale, open-ended questions, or anything else used to assess their condition in that place and time. ESM studies can also operate fully automatized on portable electronic devices or via the internet.[4] The experience sampling method was developed by Suzanne Prescott during doctoral work at University of Chicago's Committee on Human Development with assistance from her dissertation advisor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.[5] Early studies that used ESM were coauthored by fellow students Reed W. Larson and Ronald Graef, whose dissertations both used the method.[6][7]

  1. ^ Sather T (November 2014). "Experience Sampling Method". ASHA Journals Academy. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  2. ^ Bolger N, Laurenceau JP (2013). Intensive longitudinal thods: An introduction to diary and experience sampling research. New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press.
  3. ^ Csikszentmihalyi M (July 2014). Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method. New York: Springer. p. 322. ISBN 978-94-017-9087-1.
  4. ^ Krieke LV, Jeronimus BF, Blaauw FJ, Wanders RB, Emerencia AC, Schenk HM, et al. (June 2016). "HowNutsAreTheDutch (HoeGekIsNL): A crowdsourcing study of mental symptoms and strengths". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 25 (2): 123–44. doi:10.1002/mpr.1495. PMC 6877205. PMID 26395198.
  5. ^ Hektner, Joel M (2007). Experience sampling method : measuring the quality of everyday life. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-1-4129-4923-1.
  6. ^ Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly; Larson, Reed; Prescott, Suzanne (1 September 1977). "The ecology of adolescent activity and experience". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 6 (3): 281–294. doi:10.1007/BF02138940. ISSN 1573-6601. PMID 24408457. S2CID 23892740.
  7. ^ Prescott, Suzanne; Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly; Graef, Ronald (1981). "Environmental effects on cognitive and affective states: The experiential time sampling approach". Social Behavior and Personality. 9 (1): 23–32. doi:10.2224/sbp.1981.9.1.23.