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Explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) is a term coined in 1997 by the HP–Intel alliance[1] to describe a computing paradigm that researchers had been investigating since the early 1980s.[2] This paradigm is also called Independence architectures. It was the basis for Intel and HP development of the Intel Itanium architecture,[3] and HP later asserted that "EPIC" was merely an old term for the Itanium architecture.[4] EPIC permits microprocessors to execute software instructions in parallel by using the compiler, rather than complex on-die circuitry, to control parallel instruction execution. This was intended to allow simple performance scaling without resorting to higher clock frequencies.