Extrachromosomal circular DNA

For other DNA forms with closed-loop structures, see Circular DNA (disambiguation).

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta.[1] In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells. Extrachromosomal circular DNA is derived from chromosomal DNA, can range in size from 50 base pairs to several mega-base pairs in length, and can encode regulatory elements and full-length genes. eccDNA has been observed in various eukaryotic species[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and it is proposed to be a byproduct of programmed DNA recombination events, such as V(D)J recombination.[8][9]

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  2. ^ Gaubatz JW (1990). "Extrachromosomal circular DNAs and genomic sequence plasticity in eukaryotic cells". Mutation Research. 237 (5–6): 271–292. doi:10.1016/0921-8734(90)90009-g. PMID 2079966.
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  4. ^ Cohen S, Agmon N, Sobol O, Segal D (March 2010). "Extrachromosomal circles of satellite repeats and 5S ribosomal DNA in human cells". Mobile DNA. 1 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/1759-8753-1-11. PMC 3225859. PMID 20226008.
  5. ^ Stanfield S, Helinski DR (October 1976). "Small circular DNA in Drosophila melanogaster". Cell. 9 (2): 333–345. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(76)90123-9. PMID 824055. S2CID 39382051.
  6. ^ Shibata Y, Kumar P, Layer R, Willcox S, Gagan JR, Griffith JD, Dutta A (April 2012). "Extrachromosomal microDNAs and chromosomal microdeletions in normal tissues". Science. 336 (6077): 82–86. Bibcode:2012Sci...336...82S. doi:10.1126/science.1213307. PMC 3703515. PMID 22403181.
  7. ^ Møller HD, Parsons L, Jørgensen TS, Botstein D, Regenberg B (June 2015). "Extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (24): E3114–E3122. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E3114M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508825112. PMC 4475933. PMID 26038577.
  8. ^ a b Shoura MJ, Gabdank I, Hansen L, Merker J, Gotlib J, Levene SD, Fire AZ (October 2017). "Intricate and Cell Type-Specific Populations of Endogenous Circular DNA (eccDNA) in Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens". G3. 7 (10): 3295–3303. doi:10.1534/g3.117.300141. PMC 5633380. PMID 28801508.
  9. ^ Hayday AC, Saito H, Gillies SD, Kranz DM, Tanigawa G, Eisen HN, Tonegawa S (February 1985). "Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes". Cell. 40 (2): 259–269. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90140-0. PMID 3917858. S2CID 34582929.