Eye injury

Eye injury
A small piece of iron has lodged in the margin of the cornea
SpecialtyOphthalmology, neurology Edit this on Wikidata

Physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion. The most obvious presentation of ocular (eye) injuries is redness and pain of the affected eyes. This is not, however, universally true, as tiny metallic projectiles may cause neither symptom. Tiny metallic projectiles should be suspected when a patient reports metal on metal contact, such as with hammering a metal surface. Corneal foreign bodies are one of the most common preventable occupational hazards.[1] Intraocular foreign bodies do not cause pain because of the lack of nerve endings in the vitreous humour and retina that can transmit pain sensations. As such, general or emergency department doctors should refer cases involving the posterior segment of the eye or intraocular foreign bodies to an ophthalmologist. Ideally, ointment would not be used when referring to an ophthalmologist, since it diminishes the ability to carry out a thorough eye examination.

Flicking sand, flying pieces of wood, metal, glass and stone are notorious for causing much of the eye trauma. Sporting balls such as cricket ball, lawn tennis ball, squash ball, shuttlecock, and other high speed flying objects can strike the eye. The eye is also susceptible to blunt trauma in a fistfight. Children’s games such as bow-and-arrows, bb guns and firecrackers can lead to eye trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) with head and facial trauma may also have an eye injury - these are usually severe in nature with multiple lacerations, shards of glasses embedded in tissues, orbital fractures, severe hematoma and penetrating open-globe injuries with prolapse of eye contents. Other causes of intraocular trauma may arise from workplace tools or even common household implements,[2] including bottle-caps suddenly propelling at great force.[3]

About 5.3 million cases of foreign bodies in the eyes occurred in 2013.[4]

  1. ^ Onkar A. Commentary: Tackling the corneal foreign body. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:57-8.
  2. ^ Feist RM, Lim JI, Joondeph BC, Pflugfelder SC, Mieler WF, Ticho BH, Resnick K (Jan 1991). "Penetrating ocular injury from contaminated eating utensils". Archives of Ophthalmology. 109 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010065034. PMID 1987951.
  3. ^ Spang, S.; Höh, H.; Ruprecht, K. W. (February 1995). "[Eye injuries caused by opening or explosion of beverage bottles]". Der Ophthalmologe: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft. 92 (1): 35–37. ISSN 0941-293X. PMID 7719073.
  4. ^ "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. 22 August 2015. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.