 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2011) |
Fabian Gottlieb Benjamin von Bellingshausen | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by an unknown artist | |
| Other name(s) | Faddey Faddeyevich Bellingshausen; Thaddeus Gottlieb Thaddevich von Bellingshausen |
| Born | 20 September [O.S. 9 September] 1778 Lahhentagge manor, Saaremaa, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1852 (aged 73) Kronstadt, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Allegiance |  Russia |
| Service |  Imperial Russian Navy |
| Years of service | 1795–1852 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Order of Saint George 4th Class Order of Saint Vladimir 3rd Class |
Faddey Faddeyevich Bellingshausen[a][b] or Fabian Gottlieb Benjamin von Bellingshausen[c][d] (20 September [O.S. 9 September] 1778 – 25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1852) was a Russian cartographer, explorer, and naval officer of Baltic German descent, who attained the rank of admiral. He participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe, and subsequently became a leader of another circumnavigation expedition that discovered the continent of Antarctica. Like Otto von Kotzebue and Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Bellingshausen belonged to the cohort of prominent Baltic German navigators who helped Russia launch its naval expeditions.[8]
Bellingshausen was born in the Estonian island of Saaremaa (Ösel), in the eponymous family. He started his service in the Russian Baltic Fleet, and after distinguishing himself joined the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth in 1803–1806, serving on the merchant ship Nadezhda under the captaincy of Adam Johann von Krusenstern. After the journey, he published a collection of maps of the newly explored areas and islands of the Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, he commanded several ships of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets.[2]
As a prominent cartographer, Bellingshausen was appointed to command the Russian circumnavigation of the globe in 1819–1821, intended to explore the Southern Ocean and to find land in the proximity of the South Pole. Mikhail Lazarev prepared the expedition and was made Bellingshausen's second-in-command and the captain of the sloop Mirny, while Bellingshausen himself commanded the sloop Vostok. During this expedition, Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see the land of Antarctica on 27 January 1820 (New Style),[9] disproving James Cook's contention that it was impossible to find land in the southern ice-fields.[citation needed] They circumnavigated the continent twice and never lost each other from view. The expedition discovered and named Peter I, Zavodovski, Leskov, Alexander, and Visokoi Islands, the Antarctic Peninsula, and made other discoveries in the tropical waters of the Pacific.
Made captain-commodore on his return, Bellingshausen participated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. Promoted to vice admiral, he again served in the Baltic Fleet in the 1830s. From 1839, he was a military governor of Kronstadt, and gained the rank of admiral in 1843. In 1831, he published the book on his Antarctic travels, called Double Investigation of the Southern Polar Ocean and the Voyage Around the World.[e]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ "Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen | Antarctic, Circumnavigation & Discovery | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ a b Hotimsky 1966.
- ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud". isik2.tlulib.ee. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ Beiträge zur Kunde Est-, Liv- und Kurlands (in German). Reval: Verlag von Lindfors' Erben. 1868. p. 298.
- ^ Oliver 1990.
- ^ Savours, 11 January 2024.
- ^ Daum, Andreas W. (2019). "German Naturalists in the Pacific around 1800: Entanglement, Autonomy, and a Transnational Culture of Expertise". In Berghoff, Hartmut (ed.). Explorations and Entanglements: Germans in Pacific Worlds from the Early Modern Period to World War I. Berghahn Books. pp. 79–102. ISBN 978-1-78920-028-7.
- ^ Armstrong, Terence (September 1971). "Bellingshausen and the discovery of Antarctica". Polar Record. 15 (99). Cambridge University Press: 887–889. Bibcode:1971PoRec..15..887A. doi:10.1017/S0032247400062112. S2CID 129664580.