| Faunus | |
|---|---|
God of the forest, plains, and fields | |
| Member of the Di indigetes | |
 Statue of Faunus at Schloss Nordkirchen | |
| Other names | Inuus |
| Major cult center | a shrine on the Insula Tiberina |
| Gender | male |
| Festivals | Faunalia (13 February and 5 December) |
| Parents | Picus and Canens |
| Consort | Flora, Marica, Fauna |
| Offspring | Latinus |
| Equivalents | |
| Greek | Pan |
| Indo-European | Pehuson |
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Faunus [ˈfau̯nʊs] was the rustic god of the forest, plains and fields; when he made cattle fertile, he was called Inuus. He came to be equated in literature with the Greek god Pan, after which Romans depicted him as a horned god.
Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities, known as the di indigetes. According to the epic poet Virgil, he was a legendary king of the Latins. His shade was consulted as a goddess of prophecy under the name of Fatuus, with oracles[1] in the sacred grove of Tibur, around the well Albunea, and on the Aventine Hill in ancient Rome itself.[2][full citation needed]
Marcus Terentius Varro asserted that the oracular responses were given in Saturnian verse.[3] Faunus revealed the future in dreams and voices that were communicated to those who came to sleep in his precincts, lying on the fleeces of sacrificed lambs. Fowler (1899) suggested that Faunus is identical with Favonius,[4][better source needed] one of the Roman wind gods (compare the Anemoi).
- ^ For descriptions of Faunus as an oracular deity, see:
Virgil. Aeneid. vii.81.
Ovid. Fasti. iv.649.
Cicero. De Natura Deorum. ii.6, iii.15.
Cicero. De Divinatione. i.101.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἀρχαιολογία [Roman Antiquities] (in Greek). v.16.
Plutarch. Numa Pompilius. xv.3.
Lactantius. Institutiones. i.22.9.
Servius. On the Aeneid. viii.314. - ^ Peck, Harry (1897). “Faunalia Faustina.” Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities. Harper & Brothers Publishers. 662-663.
- ^ Varro. De Lingua Latina. vii. 36.
- ^ Fowler, W.W. (1899). The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic: An introduction to the study of the religion of the Romans. London, UK: Macmillan and Co. p. 259. Retrieved 7 June 2007.