The federal electoral districts (Spanish: distritos electorales federales) of Mexico are the 300 constituencies or electoral districts into which the country is divided for the purpose of federal elections. Each district returns one federal deputy (diputado or diputada), who sits in the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados), the lower house of Congress. An additional 200 deputies are elected by proportional representation from the five electoral regions.
Electoral districts are identified by number and by federal entity (state or the capital). The number of electoral districts was set at 300 in 1979, when the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies was increased from 196. The demarcation of the districts depends on the results of the previous census, and adjustments to the 1979 districts were made in 1996, 2005, 2017 and 2022.
Irrespective of population, no state may be represented by fewer than two electoral districts. This is the case with Baja California Sur (population: 798,447), Campeche (population: 928,363) and Colima (population: 731,391), which, as a result, return more senators than deputies to Congress. The states with the most electoral districts are the state of México (population: 17.1 million), with 40, and Veracruz (population: 8.1 million), with 19. Mexico City, with a population of 9.2 million, has 22.
On 12 December 2022, the National Electoral Institute established the districts to be used in the 2024 and 2030 general elections, and the 2027 mid-term election, in accordance with the following criteria:[1]
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