Felix Frankfurter | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Official portrait, 1939 | |
| Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | |
| In office January 30, 1939 – August 28, 1962[1] | |
| Nominated by | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Cardozo |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Goldberg |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 15, 1882 Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | February 22, 1965 (aged 82) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Resting place | Mount Auburn Cemetery |
| Spouse |
Marion Denman (m. 1919) |
| Education | City College of New York (BA) Harvard University (LLB) |
| Awards | Presidential Medal of Freedom (1963)[2] |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1917–1918 |
| Rank | Major |
Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was an Austrian-born American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1939 until 1962, during which he was an advocate of judicial restraint.
Frankfurter was born in Vienna, immigrating to New York City at the age of 12. After graduating from Harvard Law School, Frankfurter worked for Henry L. Stimson, the U.S. Secretary of War. During World War I, Frankfurter served as Judge Advocate General. After the war, he helped found the American Civil Liberties Union and returned to his position as a professor at Harvard Law School. He became a friend and adviser of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who appointed him to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of Benjamin N. Cardozo. His adherence to judicial restraint during an era where conservative justices wielded the judicial power through the derogation canon and the "plain meaning rule" to strike down progressive laws has been described as liberal by some commentators.[3][4]
Frankfurter served on the Court until his retirement in 1962, and was succeeded by Arthur Goldberg. Frankfurter wrote the Court's majority opinions in cases such as Minersville School District v. Gobitis, Gomillion v. Lightfoot, and Beauharnais v. Illinois. He wrote dissenting opinions in notable cases such as Baker v. Carr, West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, Glasser v. United States, and Trop v. Dulles.
- ^ "Justices 1789 to Present". Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ Feldman, Noah (November 5, 2010). "Jousting Justices". New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
- ^ Rosenbloom, David; O'Leary, Rosemary; Chanin, Joshua (2010). Public Administration and Law. United States: CRC Press. p. 37. ISBN 9781439803998.