Ferdinand VII

Names
	Spanish: Fernando Francisco de Paula Domingo Vincente Ferrer Antonio José Joaquín Pascual Diego Juan Nepomuceno Januario Francisco Javier Rafael Miguel Gabriel Calisto Cayetano Fausto Luis Raimundo Gregorio Lorenzo Jerónimo de Borbón y Borbón-Parma

Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII
	Portrait by Vicente López Portaña, c. 1814–15
King of Spain (more...)
1st reign	19 March 1808 – 6 May 1808
Predecessor	Charles IV
Successor	Joseph I or Napoleon I
Prime ministers	See list Víctor Damián Sáez; (1823–1823) ; The Marquess of Casa Irujo; (1823–1823) ; The Count of Ofalia; (1823–1824) ; Francisco Cea Bermúdez; (1824–1825) ; The Duke of the Infantado; (1825–1826) ; Manuel González Salmón; (1826–1832) ; The Count of la Alcudia; (1833–1833);
2nd reign	11 December 1813 – 29 September 1833
Predecessor	Joseph I
Successor	Isabella II
Born	14 October 1784; El Escorial, Spain
Died	29 September 1833 (aged 48); Madrid, Spain
Burial	El Escorial
Spouses	; Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily (m. 1802; died 1806) ; Maria Isabel of Portugal (m. 1816; died 1818) ; Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony (m. 1819; died 1829) ; Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (m. 1829)
Issue; more...	Isabella II; Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
Names
Names
	Spanish: Fernando Francisco de Paula Domingo Vincente Ferrer Antonio José Joaquín Pascual Diego Juan Nepomuceno Januario Francisco Javier Rafael Miguel Gabriel Calisto Cayetano Fausto Luis Raimundo Gregorio Lorenzo Jerónimo de Borbón y Borbón-Parma
House	Bourbon
Father	Charles IV of Spain
Mother	Maria Luisa of Parma
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

Ferdinand VII (Spanish: Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as el Deseado (the Desired), and after, as el Rey Felón (the Criminal King).

Born in Madrid at El Escorial, Ferdinand was heir apparent to the Spanish throne in his youth. Following the 1808 Tumult of Aranjuez, he ascended the throne. That year Napoleon overthrew him; he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. Back in power in December 1813, he re-established the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812. A revolt in 1820 led by Rafael del Riego forced him to restore the constitution, starting the Liberal Triennium, a three-year period of liberal rule. In 1823 the Congress of Verona authorized a successful French intervention, restoring him to absolute power for the second time. He suppressed the liberal press from 1814 to 1833, jailing many of its editors and writers.

Under his rule, Spain lost nearly all of its American possessions, and the country entered into a large-scale civil war upon his death. His political legacy has remained contested since his death; some historians regard him as incompetent, despotic, and short-sighted.^[1]^[2]^{[better source needed]}

^ Royal Splendor in the Enlightenment: Charles IV of Spain, Patron and Collector. Meadows Museum, SMU. 2010. ISBN 9788471204394.
^ Sevilla, Fred (1997). Francisco Balagtas and the Roots of Filipino Nationalism: Life and Times of the Great Filipino Poet and His Legacy of Literary Excellence and Political Activism. Trademark Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9789719185802.

[1] Royal Splendor in the Enlightenment: Charles IV of Spain, Patron and Collector. Meadows Museum, SMU. 2010. ISBN 9788471204394.

[2] Sevilla, Fred (1997). Francisco Balagtas and the Roots of Filipino Nationalism: Life and Times of the Great Filipino Poet and His Legacy of Literary Excellence and Political Activism. Trademark Publishing Corporation. ISBN 9789719185802.

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