Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity.[1][2] The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally.[3] In general, infertility or subfertility[4] in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex.[5] The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.
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