Fictitious persons disclaimer

A title card from the film Affairs of Cappy Ricks (1937) showing an all persons fictitous disclaimer

A fictitious persons disclaimer in a work of media states that the characters portrayed in it are fictional, and not based on real persons. This is done mostly in realistic films and television programs to reduce the possibility of legal action for libel from any person who believes that they have been defamed by their portrayal in the work, whether portrayed under their real name or a different name. The wording of this disclaimer varies, and differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as does its legal effectiveness.