Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet

A Chinese flamethrower from the Wujing Zongyao manuscript of 1044 AD, Song dynasty. The text reads from top to bottom: ignition chamber, horizontal tank, piston rod, and fierce-fire oil tank cabinet installed form.
From the Sancai Tuhui, 1609.

The Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet (Chinese: 喷火气; pinyin: pēnhuǒqì; lit. ''fire spraying air'') was a double-piston pump naphtha flamethrower first recorded to have been used in 919 AD in China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.