Mexican Republic República Mexicana | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1824–1835 | |||||||||
| Motto: Religión, Independencia, Unión Religion, Independence, Union | |||||||||
 Mexico in 1830 | |||||||||
| Capital | Mexico City | ||||||||
| Common languages | Spanish (official), Nahuatl, Yucatec Maya, Mixtecan languages, Zapotec languages | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism (official religion) | ||||||||
| Government | Federal presidential republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1824–1829 | Guadalupe Victoria | ||||||||
• 1829 | Vicente Guerrero | ||||||||
• 1830-1832 | Anastasio Bustamante | ||||||||
• 1833-1834 | Valentín Gómez Farías | ||||||||
• 1834-1835 | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||
| Legislature | Congress | ||||||||
| Senate | |||||||||
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Constitution of 1824 promulgated | 4 October 1824 | ||||||||
• Expulsion of Spaniards | December 1827 | ||||||||
| 30 November 1828 | |||||||||
• Failed Spanish attempt to reconquer Mexico | July - September 1829 | ||||||||
| 1827-1831 | |||||||||
| 1833-1834 | |||||||||
• Santa Anna overthrows Gómez Farías; dissolves congress | April 1834 | ||||||||
• Constitution of 1824 repealed | 23 October 1835 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1824[1] | 6,500,000 | ||||||||
• 1834[1] | 7,734,292 | ||||||||
| Currency | Mexican real | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Mexico United States | ||||||||
The First Mexican Republic, known also as the First Federal Republic (Spanish: Primera República Federal), existed from 1824 to 1835. It was a federated republic, established by the Constitution of 1824, the first constitution of independent Mexico, and officially designated the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, ).[2][3][4] It ended in 1835, when conservatives under Antonio López de Santa Anna transformed it into a unitary state, the Centralist Republic of Mexico.
The republic was proclaimed on November 1, 1823[5] by the Supreme Executive Power, months after the fall of the Mexican Empire ruled emperor Agustin I, a former royalist military officer-turned-insurgent for independence. The federation was formally and legally established on October 4, 1824, when the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States came into force.[6]
The First Republic was plagued through its entire twelve-year existence by severe financial and political instability. Political controversies, ever since the drafting of the constitution tended to center around whether Mexico should be a federal or a centralist state, with wider liberal and conservative causes attaching themselves to each faction respectively. With the exception of the inaugural office holder, Guadalupe Victoria, every single administration during the First Republic was overthrown by military coup d'état.
The First Republic would finally collapse after the overthrow of the liberal president Valentín Gómez Farías, through a rebellion led by his former vice-president, General Antonio López de Santa Anna who had switched sides. Once in power, the conservatives, who had long been critical of the federal system and blamed it for the nation's instability, repealed the Constitution of 1824 on October 23, 1835, and the Federal Republic became a unitary state, the Centralist Republic. The unitary regime was formally established on December 30, 1836, with the enactment of the seven constitutional laws.[7]
- ^ a b Evolución de la Población de México durante los años de 1521 al 2000
- ^ Romo, Rafael (November 23, 2012). "After nearly 200 years, Mexico may make the name official". CNN.
- ^ "About Mexico". Embajada de Mexico en Estados Unidos (Mexican Embassy in the United States). December 3, 2012. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
- ^ "Official name of the country". Presidency of Mexico. March 31, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ "Acta Constitutiva de la Nación Mexicana". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
- ^ "Decreto. Constitución federal de los Estados-Unidos Mexicanos". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
- ^ "Se transita del federalismo al centralismo mediante las Bases de Reorganización de la Nación Mexicana". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved January 24, 2016.