First War of Scottish Independence

First War of Scottish Independence
Part of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Date26 March 1296[a] – 1 May 1328
(32 years, 35 days)
Location
Result

Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton

  • Scottish independence from England maintained
  • English victory in Ireland
  • Reinstatement of Anglo-Scottish border from reign of Alexander III of Scotland
Belligerents

Kingdom of Scotland
Gaelic Ireland:

Kingdom of England

Commanders and leaders
John Balliol  #
William Wallace Executed
(Commander-in-chief until 1305)
Robert I
(Commander-in-chief from 1305)
John "Red" Comyn X
Andrew Moray (DOW)
William the Hardy  #
James "Black" Douglas
Earl of Moray
Edward Bruce 
Simon Fraser Executed
Angus Og MacDonald
Walter the Steward
Edward I  #
(1296–1307)
Edward II
(1307–1327)
Edward III
(1327–1328)
Earl of Surrey  #
Earl of Pembroke  #
Earl of Richmond
Raymond Caillau 
Earl of Louth
Earl of Carrick  #
Earl of Desmond
Antony Bek  #

The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. De facto independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to establish their authority over Scotland while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland.[1]

The term "War of Independence" did not exist at the time. The war was given that name retrospectively many centuries later, after the American War of Independence made the term popular, and after the rise of modern Scottish nationalism.[not verified in body]


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  1. ^ "Scotland's History: The Wars of Independence". BBC.; "The Scottish Wars of Independence, 1286–1328". Education Scotland. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.