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In the history of video games, the first generation era refers to the video games, video game consoles, and handheld video game consoles available from 1972 to 1983. Notable consoles of the first generation include the Odyssey series (excluding the Magnavox Odyssey 2), the Atari Home Pong,[1] the Coleco Telstar series and the Color TV-Game series. The generation ended with the Computer TV-Game in 1980 and its following discontinuation in 1983, but many manufacturers had left the market prior due to the market decline in the year of 1978 and the start of the second generation of video game consoles.
Most of the games developed during this generation were hard-wired into the consoles and unlike later generations, most were not contained on removable media that the user could switch between.[2] Consoles often came with accessories and cartridges that could alter the way the game played to enhance the gameplay experience[3] as graphical capabilities consisted of simple geometry such as dots, lines or blocks that would occupy only a single screen.[4] First generation consoles were not capable of displaying more than two colours until later in the generation, and audio capabilities were limited with some consoles having no sound at all.
In 1972, two major developments influenced the future of the home video game market. In June, Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney founded Atari, which would go on to be one of the most well-known video game companies and play a vital role in the early generations of consoles. In September, Magnavox, an established electronics company, released the Odyssey. Inspired by the Odyssey's ping-pong game, Atari would soon go on to market the game Pong in both arcade and home versions; Nintendo, a well-established Japanese company that made a number of different products, entered the video game console market for the first time in 1977 with its Color TV-Game series.[5]
- ^ Fulton, Steve (November 6, 2007). "The History of Atari: 1971–1977". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ Hile, Kevin (October 26, 2009). Video Games. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 9781420503067. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ Wolf, Mark J. P. (June 15, 2012). Before the Crash: Early Video Game History. Wayne State University Press. pp. 56, 58. ISBN 9780814337226. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ Wall, David; Griffith, Arthur (1999). Graphics Programming with JFC. Wiley. ISBN 9780471283072. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
- ^ Fleming, Dan (1996). Powerplay. Manchester University Press ND. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7190-4717-6. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved February 26, 2019.