Five Races Under One Union

This article is about the political principle of the Republic of China. For the similarly-named principle adopted by Manchukuo, see Five Races Under One Union (Manchukuo).

Five Races Under One Union
The center flag is the Five-Colored Flag of the Republic of China. Underneath the three flags is the message: "Long live the union" (共和萬歲).
Chinese五族共和
Literal meaningfive-race republic
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinwǔzú gònghé
Wade–Gileswǔ-tsú kùng-hé
Yale Romanizationwǔdzú gùnghé
IPA[ùtsǔ kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationngh juhk guhng wòh
Jyutpingng5 zuk6 gung6 wo4
IPA[ŋ̬̍ tsʊ̀k kʊ̀ŋ wɔ̏ː]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJgō͘ cho̍k kiōng-hô

Five Races Under One Union was one of the major principles upon which the Republic of China was founded following the 1911 Revolution.[1][2][3][4] Its central tenet was the harmonious existence under one nation of what were considered the five major ethnic groups in China: the Han, the Manchu, the Mongols, the Hui (Muslims), and the Tibetans.[5]

Republic of China
"Five-Colored Flag" (五色旗; Wǔsèqí)
UseCivil and state flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
Proportion5:8
Adopted10 January 1912
DesignFive horizontal bands of red, yellow, blue, white and black.
  1. ^ Murray A. Rubinstein (1994). Murray A. Rubinstein (ed.). The Other Taiwan: 1945 to the present (illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe. p. 416. ISBN 1-56324-193-5. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  2. ^ James A. Millward (2007). Eurasian crossroads: a history of Xinjiang (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  3. ^ Clyde, Paul Hibbert; Beers, Burton F. (1971). The Far East: a history of the Western impact and the Eastern response (1830–1970) (5, illustrated ed.). Prentice-Hall. p. 409. ISBN 9780133029765. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  4. ^ Making of America Project (1949). Harper's magazine, Volume 198. Harper's Magazine Co. p. 104. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  5. ^ Young, Louise (July 2017). "When fascism met empire in Japanese-occupied Manchuria". Journal of Global History. 12 (2). Cambridge University Press: 274–296. doi:10.1017/S1740022817000080. S2CID 164753522 – via CambridgeCore.