Flmodafinil

Not to be confused with Fladrafinil.
Flmodafinil
Clinical data
Other namesCRL-40,941; CRL-40941; NLS-4; JBG01-41; JBG1-41; JBG1-041; Bisfluoromodafinil; Lauflumide; JBG1-048/JBG1-049; JBG01-048/JBG01-049[1]
Identifiers
  • (2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]sulfoniumolate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H13F2NO2S
Molar mass309.33 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)S(=O)CC(=O)N)F
  • InChI=1S/C15H13F2NO2S/c16-12-5-1-10(2-6-12)15(21(20)9-14(18)19)11-3-7-13(17)8-4-11/h1-8,15H,9H2,(H2,18,19)
  • Key:YEAQNUMCWMRYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Flmodafinil (developmental code names CRL-40,940, NLS-4, JBG01-41), also known as bisfluoromodafinil and lauflumide, is a wakefulness-promoting agent related to modafinil which has been developed for treatment of a variety of different medical conditions.[2][3][4] These include chronic fatigue syndrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Alzheimer's disease.[3][4] Aside its development as a potential pharmaceutical drug, flmodafinil is sold online and used non-medically as a nootropic (cognitive enhancer).[5][6][7]

The drug has been found to act as a selective atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor.[2][8][1][9] It produces wakefulness-promoting effects in animals.[2][8] Unlike modafinil, flmodafinil does not induce cytochrome P450 enzymes.[2] Chemically, flmodafinil is an enantiopure derivative of modafinil and is also known as bisfluoromodafinil (it is the (R)-bis(4-fluoro) phenyl ring-substituted derivative of modafinil).[2][8]

Flmodafinil was developed by NLS Pharma.[3] As of January 2024, it is in preclinical development for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.[3] No recent development has been reported for idiopathic hypersomnia and development has been discontinued for narcolepsy, ADHD, and Alzheimer's disease.[3]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference KeighronGiancolaShaffer2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Konofal2024 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e "Lauflumide - NLS Pharmaceutics Ltd". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 28 January 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Pipeline". monsolfoundation.ch. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  5. ^ Sousa A, Dinis-Oliveira RJ (2020). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of the cognitive enhancer modafinil: Relevant clinical and forensic aspects". Subst Abus. 41 (2): 155–173. doi:10.1080/08897077.2019.1700584. PMID 31951804. Modafinil is a highly researched compound, with many analogues created and studied (Figure 1); the wakefulness promoting agents CRL-40,490 and modafiendz are the fluoro and N-methyl analogs of modafinil and the CRL-40,491 is the fluoro analog of adrafinil.30,31 [...] Although the long-term effects in healthy individuals are unknown, modafinil is easily available online with limited information about the use of and potential harms related to the drug.20,209 Other possibilities available from online shops and other retail outlets include adrafinil, CRL-40,940, CRL40,941 and modafiendz.30 Alternatively to online purchase, students also report to obtain stimulants from a pharmacy with or without prescription, from colleagues, friends or family, or from an herbalist.20
  6. ^ Schifano F, Catalani V, Sharif S, Napoletano F, Corkery JM, Arillotta D, et al. (April 2022). "Benefits and Harms of 'Smart Drugs' (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals". Drugs. 82 (6): 633–647. doi:10.1007/s40265-022-01701-7. PMID 35366192. [Modafinil] is widely available for online purchase [105] and it is of interest that a range of modafinil derivatives are actively being discussed on web fora, including: adrafinil, fladrafinil, flmodafinil, and N-methyl-4,4′-difluoro-modafinil [8]. Finally, the modafinil R-enantiomer armodafinil, which is being used to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness [106], is currently the subject of an anecdotal debate relating to its properties as a [cognitive enhancer] [107].
  7. ^ Dowling G, Kavanagh PV, Talbot B, O'Brien J, Hessman G, McLaughlin G, et al. (March 2017). "Outsmarted by nootropics? An investigation into the thermal degradation of modafinil, modafinic acid, adrafinil, CRL-40,940 and CRL-40,941 in the GC injector: formation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane and its tetra fluoro analog" (PDF). Drug Test Anal. 9 (3): 518–528. doi:10.1002/dta.2142. PMID 27928893.
  8. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference LucaBandarabadiKonofal2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Zanettini C, Scaglione A, Keighron JD, Giancola JB, Lin SC, Newman AH, et al. (December 2019). "Pharmacological classification of centrally acting drugs using EEG in freely moving rats: an old tool to identify new atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors". Neuropharmacology. 161: 107446. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.034. PMC 8369976. PMID 30481526. The atypical DUI modafinil and its F-analog, JBG1-049, decreased the power of beta, but in contrast to cocaine, none of the other frequency bands, while JHW007 did not significantly alter the EEG spectrum. [...] Comparative analysis of the effects of test drugs on EEG indicates a potential atypical profile of JBG1-049 with similar potency and effectiveness to its parent compound modafinil. [...] In summary, quantitative analysis of EEG spectra revealed different neurosignatures of typical and atypical DUIs and of other central nervous system active drugs. These data suggest that evaluation of the EEG signal can be used to identify new DUIs, such as JBG 1-049, with potential atypical profiles in the early preclinical phase of drug development and can accelerate the discovery of possible treatments for psychostimulant use disorders.