Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non IgE-mediated response to a specific trigger within food – most likely food protein. FPIES presents in two different forms: an acute form and a chronic form. In its acute form, FPIES presents with vomiting that usually begins 1 to 4 hours after trigger food ingestion (can be 30 minutes to 6 or more hours). Vomiting is often followed by a paleness to the skin, lethargy, and potentially watery, perhaps blood-tinged diarrhea. In the severe form of acute FPIES, a person will vomit until dehydration and until a shock-like state, which occurs in 15% of patients.[1] In its chronic form, which can be difficult to diagnose until a person has already met diagnostic criteria for acute FPIES, after repeated or regular ingestion of the trigger food, the person presents with chronic or episodic vomiting, failure to thrive, and watery, perhaps blood-tinged diarrhea. FPIES can potentially develop at any age but seems most commonly to develop within the first few years of life.[2][3][4][5][6] FPIES has mainly been documented in young infants, but can exist in older children and adults. Some people develop both FPIES and an IgE-mediated type of reaction to the same food, and having FPIES can increase a person's risk of also developing IgE-mediated food allergies.[7]

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  2. ^ Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Chehade M, et al. (2017). "International consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: Executive summary-Workgroup Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 139 (4): 1111–1126.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.966. hdl:10044/1/48017. PMID 28167094.
  3. ^ Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Moschione Castro A (2017). "Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome" (PDF). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 27 (1): 1–18. doi:10.18176/jiaci.0135. PMID 28211341.
  4. ^ Michelet M, Schluckebier D, Petit LM, Caubet JC (2017). "Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome - a review of the literature with focus on clinical management". J Asthma Allergy. 10: 197–207. doi:10.2147/JAA.S100379. PMC 5499953. PMID 28721077.
  5. ^ Mehr S, Kakakios A, Frith K, Kemp AS (2009). "Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: 16-year experience". Pediatrics. 123 (3): e459–64. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2029. PMID 19188266. S2CID 17465758.
  6. ^ Ruffner, MA (November 2014). "Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Insights From Review of a Large Referral Population" (PDF). Pediatrics. 134: S157. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1817PP. PMID 25363948. S2CID 46053309. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2018.
  7. ^ Nowak-Węgrzyn, Anna; Chehade, Mirna; Groetch, Marion E.; Spergel, Jonathan M.; Wood, Robert A.; Allen, Katrina; Atkins, Dan; Bahna, Sami; Barad, Ashis V.; Berin, Cecilia; Whitehorn, Terri Brown (2017-04-01). "International consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome: Executive summary—Workgroup Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 139 (4): 1111–1126.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.966. hdl:10044/1/48017. ISSN 0091-6749. PMID 28167094.