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India, officially the Republic of India, has full diplomatic relations with 201 states, including Palestine, the Holy See, and Niue.[note 1][1] The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. With the world's third largest military expenditure, second largest armed force, fifth largest economy by GDP nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a prominent regional power and a potential superpower.[2][3]
According to the MEA, the main purposes of Indian diplomacy include protecting India's national interests, promoting friendly relations with other states, and providing consular services to "foreigners and Indian nationals abroad."[4] In recent decades, India has pursued an expansive foreign policy, including the neighborhood-first policy embodied by SAARC as well as the Look East policy to forge more extensive economic and strategic relationships with East and Southeast Asian countries. It has also maintained a policy of strategic ambiguity, which involves its "no first use" nuclear policy and its neutral stance on the Russo-Ukrainian War.
India is a member of several intergovernmental organizations, such as the United Nations, the Asian Development Bank, BRICS, and the G-20, which is widely considered the main economic locus of emerging and developed nations.[5] India exerts a salient influence as the founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement.[6] India has also played an important and influential role in other international organisations, such as the East Asia Summit,[7] World Trade Organization,[8] International Monetary Fund (IMF),[9] G8+5[10] and IBSA Dialogue Forum.[11] India is also a member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. As a former British colony, India is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and continues to maintain relationships with other Commonwealth countries.
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- ^ "MEA | Briefs on Foreign Relations". www.mea.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "World Bank, International Comparison Program database: GDP, PPP (current international $)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Schaffer, Terisita C (2008). "Partnering with India: Regional Power, Global Hopes". Strategic Asia 2008–09. NBR. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ "Mission & Vision | About Us | Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India". www.mea.gov.in. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ "Asia to play bigger role on world stage: report - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ "G8 SUMMIT: Developing Countries Stand Firm by Kyoto Protocol". Inter Press Service. 5 July 2005. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ "Analysts Say India'S Power Aided Entry Into East Asia Summit. | Goliath Business News". Goliath.ecnext.com. 29 July 2005. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ^ Guebert, Alan (5 August 2008). "Guebert: WTO talks show declining U.S. clout". Journal Star. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ "Emerging economies eye IMF power". MmegiOnline. 26 October 2007. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ Alford, Peter (7 July 2008). "G8 plus 5 equals power shift". The Australian. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
- ^ "India, Brazil, South Africa – the power of three". Inter Press Service. 14 October 2007. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020 – via bilaterals.org.