Forest dieback

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Forest dieback (also "Waldsterben", a German loan word, pronounced [ˈvaltˌʃtɛʁbn̩] ^ⓘ) is a condition in trees or woody plants in which peripheral parts are killed, either by pathogens, parasites or conditions like acid rain, drought,^[1] and more. These episodes can have disastrous consequences such as reduced resiliency of the ecosystem,^[2] disappearing important symbiotic relationships^[3] and thresholds.^[4] Some tipping points for major climate change forecast in the next century are directly related to forest diebacks.^[5]