Four Asian Tigers

Four Asian Tigers
The Four Asian Tigers, from north to south: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese亞洲四小龍
Simplified Chinese亚洲四小龙
Literal meaningAsia's Four Little Dragons
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYàzhōu sì xiǎo lóng
Bopomofoㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄡ ㄙˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ
Wade–GilesYa4-chou1 szu4 hsiao3 lung2
Tongyong PinyinYàjhōu sìh siǎo lóng
Yale RomanizationYàzhōu sz̀ syǎu lúng
IPA[jâ.ʈʂóʊ sɹ̩̂ ɕjàʊ lʊ̌ŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationaa jāu sei síu lùhng
Jyutpingaa3 zau1 sei3 siu2 lung4
IPA[a˧ tsɐw˥ sej˧ siw˧˥ lʊŋ˩]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJA-chiu sì sió lêng
Korean name
Hangul아시아의 네 마리 용
Hanja亞細亞의 네 마리 龍
Literal meaningAsia's four dragons
Transcriptions
Revised Romanizationasia-ui ne mari yong
McCune–Reischauerashia-ŭi ne mari yong
Malay name
MalayEmpat Harimau Asia
Tamil name
Tamilநான்கு ஆசியப் புலிகள்

The Four Asian Tigers (also known as the Four Asian Dragons or Four Little Dragons in Chinese and Korean) are the developed Asian economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.[1] Between the early 1950s and 1990s, they underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates of more than 7 percent a year.

By the early 21st century, these economies had developed into high-income economies, specializing in areas of competitive advantage. Hong Kong and Singapore have become leading international financial centres, whereas South Korea and Taiwan are leaders in manufacturing electronic components and devices. Large institutions have pushed to have them serve as role models for many developing countries, especially the Tiger Cub Economies of Southeast Asia.[2][3][4]

In 1993, a World Bank report The East Asian Miracle credited neoliberal policies with the economic boom, including the maintenance of export-oriented policies, low taxes and minimal welfare states. Institutional analyses found that some level of state intervention was involved.[5] Some analysts argued that industrial policy and state intervention had a much greater influence than the World Bank report suggested.[6][7]

  1. ^ Day, Dong-Ching (2021). "Four Asian Tigers' Political and Economic Development Revisited 1998-2017: From the Perspective of National Identity". Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. 4 (4): 54–61. doi:10.54392/ajir2147.
  2. ^ "Can Africa really learn from Korea?". Afrol News. 24 November 2008. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  3. ^ "Korea role model for Latin America: Envoy". Korean Culture and Information Service. 1 March 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  4. ^ Leea, Jinyong; LaPlacab, Peter; Rassekh, Farhad (2 September 2008). "Korean economic growth and marketing practice progress: A role model for economic growth of developing countries". Industrial Marketing Management. 37 (7): 753–757. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.09.002.
  5. ^ Derek Gregory; Ron Johnston; Geraldine Pratt; Michael J. Watts; Sarah Whatmore, eds. (2009). "Asian Miracle/tigers". The Dictionary of Human Geography (5th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4051-3287-9.
  6. ^ Rodrik, Dani (1 April 1997). "The 'paradoxes' of the successful state". European Economic Review. 41 (3–5): 411–442. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00012-3. ISSN 0014-2921.
  7. ^ Chang, Ha-Joon (2006). The East Asian Development Experience. Zed Books. ISBN 9781842771419. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2020.