Fractionism

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Fractionism (Angolan Portuguese: fraccionismo),^[1] also called Nito's group or nitism (Angolan Portuguese: nitismo), and self-called MPLA Action Committee — FAPLA-People Unit,^[2] was an Angolan political movement with an orthodox communist nature,^[3] led by Nito Alves, former leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).

Fractionism was a movement of dissent from the MPLA, organized after Angola's independence, in opposition to President Agostinho Neto.^[2] He launched an attempted coup d'état in Luanda on May 27, 1977.^[2] The movement failed due to poor planning of the actions to take power,^[2] the lack of a clear objective in front of the popular masses^[2] and the military support to the State apparatus provided by the troops of the Cuban Armed Forces,^[2] who had been carrying out Operation Carlota in Angolan territory since 1975.^[2]

Despite the failure of the Factionist movement,^[2] the attempted coup d'état of May 27, 1977 promoted profound structural changes in the MPLA party and the Angolan State,^[2] such as the official adoption, by both, of the Marxist-Leninist ideology until 1992.^[2]