Frank Knox

Frank Knox
Knox, c. 1940s
47th United States Secretary of the Navy
In office
July 11, 1940 – April 28, 1944
PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded byCharles Edison
Succeeded byJames Forrestal
Personal details
Born
William Franklin Knox

(1874-01-01)January 1, 1874
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedApril 28, 1944(1944-04-28) (aged 70)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Political partyRepublican
SpouseAnnie Reid
EducationAlma College (BA)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1898
1917–1919
RankColonel
Battles/warsSpanish–American War
 • Battle of Las Guasimas
 • Battle of San Juan Hill
World War I

William Franklin Knox (January 1, 1874 – April 28, 1944) was an American politician, soldier, newspaper editor, and publisher. He was the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936 and Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. On December 7, 1941, Knox, flanked by his assistant John O’Keefe, walked into Roosevelt's White House study around 1:30 pm EST, and announced that Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor.

Born in Boston, he attended Alma College and served with the Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War. After the war, he became a newspaper editor in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and state chairman of the Republican Party. He was a leading supporter of Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive candidate for president in 1912. He advocated U.S. entrance into World War I and served as an artillery officer in France. The 1936 Republican National Convention nominated a ticket of Alf Landon and Knox, and they were defeated by Roosevelt and John Nance Garner in the 1936 election.

After World War II broke out in 1939, Knox supported aid to the Allies. In 1940, Roosevelt appointed him as Secretary of the Navy in hopes of building bipartisan support. Knox brought in James Forrestal as the under secretary. They presided over a massive naval buildup but were dissatisfied by the confused chain of command in Hawaii. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Knox brought in a much more aggressive admiral, Ernest J. King. Roosevelt worked closely with King and largely neglected Knox. During the war, Knox continued his supervision of the Chicago Daily News, while Forrestal expanded his role and supervised the nonmilitary aspects of the department in terms of contracts and recruitment.[1] Knox served as secretary of the Navy until his death in 1944, when Forrestal replaced him.

  1. ^ Lobdell, 1980.