Franz Brentano

The Reverend
Franz Brentano
The Reverend Franz Brentano
	Franz Brentano in 1890
Born	Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Josef Brentano; 16 January 1838; Marienberg am Rhein [de],; Rhineland, Prussia, German Confederation
Died	17 March 1917 (aged 79); Zürich, Switzerland
Education	University of Munich; University of Berlin; University of Münster; University of Tübingen; (PhD, 1862); University of Würzburg; (Dr. phil. hab., 1866)
Spouses	Ida Lieben; (m. 1880–1894; her death); Emilie Rueprecht; (m. 1897–1917; his death);
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	School of Brentano; Aristotelianism; Intentionalism ("act psychology"); Empirical psychology; Austrian phenomenology; Austrian realism
Institutions	University of Würzburg; (1866–1873); University of Vienna; (1873–1895)
Theses	Von der mannigfachen Bedeutung des Seienden nach Aristoteles (On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle) (1862); Die Psychologie des Aristoteles, insbesondere seine Lehre vom Nous Poietikos (The Psychology of Aristotle, in Particular His Doctrine of the Active Intellect) (1867);
Doctoral advisor	Franz Jakob Clemens
Other academic advisors	Adolf Trendelenburg
Notable students	Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud, Tomáš Masaryk, Rudolf Steiner, Alexius Meinong, Carl Stumpf, Anton Marty, Kazimierz Twardowski, Christian von Ehrenfels
Main interests	Ontology; Psychology
Notable ideas	Intentionality; Intentional object; Distinction between genetic and empirical/descriptive psychology; Distinction between sensory and noetic consciousness (presentations of sensory objects or intuitions versus thinking of concepts); Judgement–Predication distinction; Time-consciousness;
Ecclesiastical career
Religion	Christianity
Church	Catholic Church
Ordained	6 August 1864
Laicized	1873

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Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Josef Brentano (/brɛnˈtɑːnoʊ/; German: [bʁɛnˈtaːno]; 16 January 1838 – 17 March 1917) was a German philosopher and psychologist. His 1874 Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, considered his magnum opus, is credited with having reintroduced the medieval scholastic concept of intentionality into contemporary philosophy.

Originally a Catholic priest, Brentano withdrew from the priesthood in 1873 due to the dogmatic definition of papal infallibility in Pastor aeternus. Working subsequently as a non-denominational professor, his teaching triggered research in a wide array of fields such as linguistics, logic, mathematics and experimental psychology through the young generation of philosophers who were gathered as the School of Brentano.

^ Franz Brentano – Britannica.com
^ E. B. Titchener, "Brentano and Wundt: Empirical and Experimental Psychology", The American Journal of Psychology, 32(1) (Jan. 1921), pp. 108–120.
^ Robin D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Walter de Gruyter, 2008, p. 7.
^ Gestalt Theory: Official Journal of the Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications (GTA), 22, Steinkopff, 2000, p. 94: "Attention has varied between Continental Phenomenology (late Husserl, Merleau-Ponty) and Austrian Realism (Brentano, Meinong, Benussi, early Husserl)".
^ Robin D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Walter de Gruyter, 2008, p. 114: "The fact that Brentano [in Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint] speaks of a relation of analogy between physical phenomena and real things existing outside of the mind obviously indicates that he is a realist and not an idealist or a solipsist, as he may indeed be taken to at first glance. Rather, his position is a very extreme representational realism. The things which exist outside of our sensations, he maintains, are in fact to be identified with the ones we find posited in the hypotheses of natural sciences."
^ ^a ^b Huemer, Wolfgang. "Franz Brentano". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ Brentano, F., Sensory and Noetic Consciousness: Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint III, International Library of Philosophy and Scientific Method, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
^ Biagio G. Tassone, From Psychology to Phenomenology: Franz Brentano's 'Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint' and Contemporary Philosophy of Mind, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, p. 307.
^ Franz Brentano: Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt. Ed. Oskar Kraus, 2 vols. Leipzig: Meiner, 1924–25; ed. Mauro Antonelli. Heusenstamm: Ontos, 2008
^ Robin D. Rollinger, Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano, Phaenomenologica 150, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999, Chap. 2: "Husserl and Bolzano", p. 70.
^ Edoardo Fugali, Toward the Rebirth of Aristotelian Psychology: Trendelenburg and Brentano (2008).
^ Barry Smith, "Aristotle, Menger, Mises:An Essay in the Metaphysics of Economics", History of Political Economy, Annual Supplement to vol. 22 (1990), 263–288.
^ Cite error: The named reference Albertazzi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Franz Brentano – Britannica.com

[2] E. B. Titchener, "Brentano and Wundt: Empirical and Experimental Psychology", The American Journal of Psychology, 32(1) (Jan. 1921), pp. 108–120.

[3] Robin D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Walter de Gruyter, 2008, p. 7.

[4] Gestalt Theory: Official Journal of the Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications (GTA), 22, Steinkopff, 2000, p. 94: "Attention has varied between Continental Phenomenology (late Husserl, Merleau-Ponty) and Austrian Realism (Brentano, Meinong, Benussi, early Husserl)".

[5] Robin D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Walter de Gruyter, 2008, p. 114: "The fact that Brentano [in Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint] speaks of a relation of analogy between physical phenomena and real things existing outside of the mind obviously indicates that he is a realist and not an idealist or a solipsist, as he may indeed be taken to at first glance. Rather, his position is a very extreme representational realism. The things which exist outside of our sensations, he maintains, are in fact to be identified with the ones we find posited in the hypotheses of natural sciences."

[SEP-6] Huemer, Wolfgang. "Franz Brentano". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[7] Brentano, F., Sensory and Noetic Consciousness: Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint III, International Library of Philosophy and Scientific Method, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.

[8] Biagio G. Tassone, From Psychology to Phenomenology: Franz Brentano's 'Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint' and Contemporary Philosophy of Mind, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, p. 307.

[9] Franz Brentano: Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt. Ed. Oskar Kraus, 2 vols. Leipzig: Meiner, 1924–25; ed. Mauro Antonelli. Heusenstamm: Ontos, 2008

[10] Robin D. Rollinger, Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano, Phaenomenologica 150, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999, Chap. 2: "Husserl and Bolzano", p. 70.

[11] Edoardo Fugali, Toward the Rebirth of Aristotelian Psychology: Trendelenburg and Brentano (2008).

[12] Barry Smith, "Aristotle, Menger, Mises:An Essay in the Metaphysics of Economics", History of Political Economy, Annual Supplement to vol. 22 (1990), 263–288.

[Albertazzi-13] Cite error: The named reference Albertazzi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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