The Frenkel brothers were three Egyptian Jewish brothers – Herschel Frenkel (1902-1972), Shlomo Frenkel (1912-2001), and David Frenkel (1914-1994) – who pioneered animated film in Egypt. Their first successful film, Mafish Fayda (1936), made its protagonist Mish-Mish Effendi the first Arab cartoon star.[1] After Israel's declaration of independence, the brothers emigrated to France. There they continued to make films, but without the success they had enjoyed in Egypt.[2] They made over thirty films in total.[3]