Friedrich Engels | |
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.jpg) Engels in 1879 | |
| Born | 28 November 1820 |
| Died | 5 August 1895 (aged 74) London, England |
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Philosophy career | |
| Education | Gymnasium zu Elberfeld (withdrew)[1] University of Berlin (no degree)[1] |
| Notable work | The Condition of the Working Class in England, Anti-Dühring, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, The German Ideology, The Communist Manifesto |
| Spouse | |
| Partner | Mary Burns (died 1863) |
| Era | 19th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental philosophy Marxism |
Main interests | Political philosophy, political economy, class struggle, criticism of capitalism |
Notable ideas | Alienation and exploitation of the worker, dialectical materialism, historical materialism, false consciousness |
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Friedrich Engels (/ˈɛŋɡəlz/ ENG-gəlz;[2][3][4] German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʔɛŋl̩s]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman and Karl Marx's lifelong friend and closest collaborator, serving as a leading authority on Marxism.
Engels, the son of a wealthy textile manufacturer, met Marx in 1844. They jointly authored works including The Holy Family (1844), The German Ideology (written 1846), and The Communist Manifesto (1848), and worked as political organisers and activists in the Communist League and First International. Engels also supported Marx financially for much of his life, enabling him to continue writing after he moved to London in 1849. After Marx's death in 1883, Engels edited from manuscript and completed Volumes II and III of his Das Kapital (1885 and 1894).
Engels wrote eclectic works of his own, including The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845), Anti-Dühring (1878), Dialectics of Nature (1878–1882), The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884), and Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (1886). His writings on materialism, idealism, and dialectics supplied Marxism with an ontological and metaphysical foundation.[citation needed]
- ^ a b Norman Levine, Divergent Paths: The Hegelian Foundations of Marx's Method, Lexington Books, 2006, p. 92: "the Young never graduated from the gymnasium, never went to university..."
- ^ Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ^ "Engels". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Merriam-Webster, Engels.